摘要
随着国际海事组织IMO对船舶生活污水排放限值要求越来越严格,国内对船舶生活污水处理技术也提出了更高的要求,需达到高效性、紧凑性及低碳化目的。目前常规应用较多的是A/O+MBR组合工艺,可有效达到COD(去除率72%)、NH 3-N(<1 mg/L)、TN稳定达标的排放效果,但需通过人工排泥来控制TP。通过电化学技术电解产生次氯酸及自由基能有效降解有机物和杀菌,运用三维电极方式能够节约74.5%的能量。组合工艺(如电化学+MBR)处理效果进一步提升,但存在试验标准与实船工况不一致(试验岸上试验合格产品转船达不到合格指标的比例为33%)、盐度变化较大引起预处理阶段灰水混入及较高能耗的问题。未来发展的重点应面向智慧化控制(PLC动态控制)、资源化(中水回用、污泥能源化)、太阳能驱动(太阳能曝气风机)、提高国际海事组织IMO标准与全生命周期监管方面。解决船舶生活污水将实现船舶清洗过程与船舶生产销售端的联动,需采用AI、PLC等更智能的系统来加强船厂管理力度,革新船舶生活污水处理方案。
As the International Maritime Organization(IMO)sets increasingly strict limits on the discharge of domestic sewage from ships,China has also put forward higher requirements for the treatment technology of domestic sewage from ships,so as to achieve high efficiency,compactness and low carbonization.At present,the A/O+MBR combined process is widely used in conventional applications,and it can effectively achieve stable and compliant discharge effects of COD(removal rate 72%),NH 3-N(<1 mg/L),and TN.However,TP needs to be controlled through manual sludge discharge.The electrolysis of hypochlorous acid and free radicals through electrochemical technology can effectively degrade organic matter and kill bacteria.The application of three-dimensional electrode methods can save 74.5%energy.The treatment effect of the combined process(such as electrochemical+MBR)has been further improved.But there are problems such as inconsistency between the test standards and the actual ship conditions(the proportion of products that passed the onshore test but failed to meet the qualified indicators when transferred to the ship is 33%),large changes in salinity causing the mixing of grey water in the pretreatment stage,and high energy consumption.The focus of future development should be on intelligent control(PLC dynamic control),resource utilization(reclaimed water reuse and sludge energy utilization),solar-driven(solar aeration fans),and the improvement of the standards of the International Maritime Organization(IMO)and full life cycle supervision.Solving the problem of domestic sewage from ships will achieve the linkage between the ship cleaning process and the production and sales ends of ships.It is necessary to adopt more intelligent systems:AI and PLC,so as to enhance the management of shipyards and innovate the treatment plan for domestic sewage from ships.
作者
李升杰
于坤坤
詹世杰
Li Shengjie;Yu Kunkun;Zhan Shijie(COSCO Shipping Heavy Industry Technology(Weihai)Co.,LTD.,Weihai 264200,China)
出处
《黑龙江科学》
2025年第16期109-111,共3页
Heilongjiang Science
关键词
船舶生活污水处理
IMO新排放标准
膜污染控制
污泥资源化
Marine domestic sewage treatment
New IMO emission standards
Membrane fouling control
Resource utilization of sludge
