摘要
慢性心血管疾病是全球主要健康问题之一,对人类健康造成严重危害。患者自我健康管理能够有效减轻心血管疾病的影响,提升治疗效果,降低并发症发生率,提高生活质量,并减少医疗资源的消耗。然而,目前尚缺乏系统性、规范化的慢性心血管疾病自我健康管理指南。为此,《慢性心血管疾病患者自我管理指南》工作组依据指南制定原则和标准,构建了9个主要问题,并综合考虑证据质量、利弊权衡、患者意愿及卫生经济学因素,形成了相应的推荐意见。本指南的主要建议:慢性心血管疾病患者自我健康管理指南强调患者需主动学习疾病知识,通过多种途径掌握常见危险因素;合并慢性病的患者需关注共病对认知功能的影响,及时就医干预;患者要全面监测身体状况,尤其注意血压监测,识别病情加重症状并及时就医;可使用可穿戴设备或远程服务辅助监测,严格按时服药,了解药物信息,使用辅助工具记录药物情况;心力衰竭患者需定期就诊调整药物,高血压患者优先选择长效降压药,冠心病患者长期服用阿司匹林等药物。吸烟患者应戒烟,饮酒者需控制饮酒量;患者应控制体重,适量运动,保持规律作息,合理膳食,控制总能量摄入,保持乐观心态,接受心理干预,积极参与家庭、社区活动,寻求社会支持;患者需重视随访,识别心血管突发事件征兆,掌握急救技能,运动康复时选择安全场所,冠心病患者配备急救包。本指南的制定可为慢性心血管疾病患者提供科学、规范的自我管理指导,帮助患者更好地管理疾病,提高生活质量,减少心血管事件的发生,降低医疗资源消耗;同时,本指南也为卫生保健和健康管理者提供有益参考。
Chronic cardiovascular diseases are one of the global major health problems,with a significant threat to human health.Self-management of health by patients can effectively mitigate the impact of cardiovascular diseases,enhance treatment outcomes,reduce the incidence of complications,improve quality of life,and decrease the consumption of medical resources.However,there is currently a lack of systematic and standardized self-management guidelines for chronic cardiovascular diseases.Based on this,the Working Group for the Self-Management Guidelines for Patients with Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases has established nine key questions based on the principles and standards of guideline development.After considering the quality of evidence,balance of benefits and harms,patient preferences,and health economic factors,the group has formulated corresponding recommendations.The main suggestions of this guideline are as follows.Patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases are encouraged to learn about their conditions and understand common risk factors through various means.Patients with comorbidities should pay attention to the impact of these conditions on cognitive function and seek medical intervention in a timely manner.Comprehensive monitoring of health status is essential,with a particular focus on blood pressure monitoring.Patients should be able to recognize symptoms of disease exacerbation and seek medical attention promptly.The wearable devices or remote services to assist monitoring is recommended.Strict adherence to medication schedules is crucial,and patients should be well-informed about their medications,with auxiliary tools to record relevant details.Heart failure patients need to visit healthcare providers regularly for medication adjustments.Hypertensive patients should prioritize long-acting anti-hypertensive drugs,while coronary heart disease patients should take aspirin and other long-term medications.Smokers should quit smoking,and those who drink alcohol should control their intake.Patients should also control their weight,engage in moderate exercise,maintain regular sleep patterns,follow a balanced diet,control total energy intake,and maintain a positive attitude.Psychological interventions are recommended,and active participation in family and community activities,as well as seeking social support,is encouraged.Patients should value follow-up visits,recognize signs of cardiovascular emergencies,and acquire basic first-aid skills.For exercise rehabilitation,a safe venue with basic emergency equipment is important,and coronary heart disease patients should carry a firstaid kit.The development of this guideline aims to provide patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases with scientific and standardized selfmanagement guidance.It will help patients to manage their conditions,improve quality of life,reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events,and decrease the consumption of medical resources.Additionally,this guideline will serve as a valuable reference for healthcare providers and health managers.
作者
朱长太
朱瑞芳
陆群峰
姜蓉
郑璐
郭丹丹
张琪
黄龙
张静
张亮
梅申聪
夏夏
李宪凯
陶幸娟
徐希奇
许育新
张娜娜
尤玲
吴聘
杨仕贵
ZHU Changtai;ZHU Ruifang;LU Qunfeng;JIANG Rong;ZHENG Lu;GUO Dandan;ZHANG Qi;HUANG Long;ZHANG Jing;ZHANG Liang;MEI Shencong;XIA Xia;LI Xiankai;TAO Xingjuan;XU Xiqi;XU Yuxin;ZHANG Nana;YOU Ling;WU Pin;YANG Shigui(The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200223,China;First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Medical Periodical Press Co.,Ltd,Taiyuan 030001,Shanxi,China;The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200080,China;The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University;Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University;Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University;Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Nursing;Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University;The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University;The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University;School of Public Health,Naval Medical University;School of Public Health,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《中西医结合心脑血管病杂志》
2025年第17期2561-2577,共17页
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine on Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease
基金
上海交通大学中国医院发展研究院2025年度研究课题(No.CHD1-2025-A-09)
上海市医院协会2025年护理管理课题(No.HLGL202511)。
关键词
心血管疾病
慢病管理
自我管理
疾病预防
指南
cardiovascular diseases
chronic disease management
self-management
disease prevention
guideline
