摘要
现有草本植物河岸冲刷研究存在机理与过程分析不清、计算方程假定与实际冲刷现象不符的情况。为确定平行水流条件下草本植物生态护岸抗冲刷特性,对冲刷过程及量化表达参数进行系统分析,提出冲刷过程经历冲刷起动和破坏2个阶段,可分别以冲刷速率和冲刷破坏流速量化表达,并提出相应的计算公式。选取永定河引水渠原状生态护岸植草岸坡,开展室内平行水流冲刷试验和植物根系测定试验,对公式进行了验证。研究表明公式符合性较好,冲刷损失系数随冲刷时长呈现显著指数相关;草本植被引起的流速折减系数范围在0.661~0.781;由冲刷破坏公式计算出的破坏流速2.56 m/s与实测破坏流速2.69 m/s相比,误差5.08%。研究成果可应用于生态护岸草本植被设计、植被设计重现期确定和现有护岸植被效果评估等工作,对河流生态保护和修复工作具有重要意义。
The existing studies on erosion of herbaceous plant revetment often have unclear analysis of mechanism and process and inconsistent assumptions of calculation equations with the actual erosion phenomena.To determine the anti-erosion characteristics of ecological revetment based on herbaceous plants under the condition of parallel flow,this paper systematically analyzes the erosion process and quantitative expression parameters.It is proposed that the erosion process experiences two stages,namely,erosion start and destruction,which can be quantified with erosion rate and erosion destruction velocity,respectively,with the corresponding calculation formulas proposed.The formulas are verified by the experiments of parallel flow erosion and plant root measurement in laboratory with samples collected from original ecological revetment with grassed slopes along the Yongding River diversion channel.The results show that the formulas are in good conformity,and the erosion loss coefficient has a significant exponential correlation with the erosion time.The coefficient of flow velocity reduction caused by herbaceous vegetation is 0.661~0.781.The error is 5.08%for the destruction velocity(2.56 m/s)calculated by the erosion destruction formula in comparison with the measured destruction velocity(2.69 m/s).The research results can be applied to the design of herbaceous vegetation for ecological revetment,the determination of the recurrence period of vegetation design,and the evaluation of the effect of existing revetment,which are of great significance for the ecological protection and restoration of rivers.
作者
王琦
毛硕
赵进勇
丁洋
王伟杰
薛洋
崔子腾
陈汪洋
WANG Qi;MAO Shuo;ZHAO Jinyong;DING Yang;WANG Weijie;XUE Yang;CUI Ziteng;CHEN Wangyang(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;China Water Investment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100053,China)
出处
《人民珠江》
2025年第8期89-97,共9页
Pearl River
基金
水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022071)
中国水科院“城乡水系生态景观构建理论和技术研究创新团队”项目(WE0145B042021)
中国电力建设股份有限公司科技项目(KJ-2023-187)。
关键词
生态护岸
植物根系
冲刷损失系数
冲刷速率
ecological revetment
plant roots
erosion loss coefficient
erosion rate
