摘要
为了应对蓄热技术在能源系统应用中面临的材料稳定性、系统热性能及成本效益等挑战,系统梳理了国内外蓄热技术最新研究成果,对比分析了显热蓄热、潜热蓄热和热化学蓄热3类技术的蓄热原理与材料特性,归纳总结了系统性能优化措施,并结合油田实际案例进行了验证。研究结果表明:①显热蓄热技术虽成本低廉且技术成熟,但也存在蓄热密度低、储能时间短等问题,亟需提升储放热循环效率;②潜热蓄热技术凭借高储能密度和稳定的储放热温度优势正逐步得以规模化应用,但仍需解决导热性差、相变材料稳定性不足等难题;③热化学蓄热技术虽蓄热密度高、周期长,但受限于安全性、转化效率和成本等因素,尚未实现大规模商业化应用;④复杂环境下高效蓄热技术的开发仍是亟待突破的技术瓶颈,且中国在蓄热技术的应用和研发方面仍需进一步提升,特别是在石化行业余热利用率较低的背景下。结论认为,未来蓄热技术研究应重点关注高效复合材料研发、系统集成优化、多能互补协同及源网荷储一体化等方向,尤其是在油气领域,需重点研发耐高温、抗腐蚀的复合相变材料,并构建基于人工智能(AI)的蓄热系统动态优化模型,以推动蓄热技术在该领域的规模化发展。
To address the challenges of material stability,system thermal performance,and cost-effectiveness faced by thermal energy storage(TES)technology in energy system applications,and to promote its large-scale development in sustainable energy construction,the study was conducted using methods such as systematically reviewing the latest domestic and international research achievements on TES technology,comparing and analyzing the heat storage principles and material characteristics of three types of TES technologies(sensible heat storage,latent heat storage,and thermochemical heat storage),summarizing system performance optimization measures,and verifying with actual oilfield cases.Research results indicate:Sensible heat storage technology,despite its low cost and mature technology,faces issues such as low heat storage density and short energy storage duration,necessitating the improvement of charge-discharge cycle efficiency;latent heat storage technology,leveraging its advantages of high energy storage density and stable charge-discharge temperature,has gradually achieved large-scale application,yet still needs to address challenges like poor thermal conductivity and insufficient stability of phase change materials;thermochemical heat storage technology,though characterized by high heat storage density and long cycle life,remains limited by factors such as safety,conversion efficiency,and cost,and has not yet realized large-scale commercial application.Additionally,the development of high-efficiency TES technology under complex oil and gas environments remains a critical technical bottleneck requiring breakthrough,and China still needs further advancement in the application and R&D of TES technology,particularly against the backdrop of low waste heat utilization rates in the petrochemical industry.The conclusion suggests:Future research on TES technology should focus on directions such as the development of high-efficiency composite materials,system integration optimization,multi-energy complementary coordination,and source-grid-load-storage integration.In the oil and gas sector specifically,priority should be given to developing high-temperature and corrosion-resistant composite phase change materials and constructing AI-based dynamic optimization models for TES systems,to promote the large-scale development of TES technology in this field.
作者
王新伟
付景
王恩卫
张侃毅
蒋旭
贺吉涛
林日亿
WANG Xinwei;FU Jing;WANG Enwei;ZHANG Kanyi;JIANG Xu;HE Jitao;LIN Riyi(College of New Energy,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company No.1 Oil Production Plant,Karamay,Xinjiang 834000,China;PetroChina(Xinjiang)Petroleum Engineering Company,Limited,Karamay,Xinjiang 834000,China)
出处
《世界石油工业》
2025年第4期115-129,共15页
World Petroleum Industry
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“烟气碳捕集后荷电与离子泡沫协同强化胺气溶胶聚并脱除机制研究”(52476143)。
关键词
蓄热技术
显热蓄热
潜热蓄热
热化学蓄热
相变材料
油气田应用
系统优化
多能互补
thermal energy storage technology
sensible heat storage
latent heat storage
thermochemical heat storage
phase change materials
oil and gas field applications
system optimization
multi-energy complementarity
