摘要
【研究目的】开展地下水污染风险评价,研究其对生态环境的影响是地下水资源保护与污染防控、维护区域生态环境安全格局工作的重要基础。【研究方法】以沈阳市城区为研究对象,建立了包含地下水含水层固有脆弱性、地下水污染源荷载、地下水价值3个方面、12个指标的评价方法体系,采用GIS软件进行了地下水污染风险评价,并分析了地下水污染对生态环境的影响。【研究结果】沈阳市无地下水污染高、较高风险区;中等风险区主要分布于区内西北和西南部的水田区,占全区的12.24%;较低风险区主要分布于主城区以南及以北的旱田区,占全区的49.23%;低风险区大面积分布于东部低山丘陵区及浑河冲洪积扇区,占全区的38.43%。【结论】地下水污染中等风险区对生态环境的影响主要为土壤-作物系统污染风险、地表水体富营养化加剧和湿地生态系统扰动;较低风险区对生态环境的影响主要为土壤次生盐渍化与酸化风险、浅层地下水依赖型植被潜在胁迫、污染物向下游和深层迁移的“中转”作用;低风险区是沈阳市重要的生态屏障和水源涵养区,是生态环境保护的重点区域。
[Objective]Groundwater pollution risk assessment and its ecological impacts analysis serve as a critical basis for groundwater protection,pollution control,and maintaining regional ecological security.[Method]This study focuses on Shenyang's urban area,establishs an evaluation framework encompassing 12 indicators across three dimensions:aquifer intrinsic vulnerability,pollution source load,and groundwater value.Using GIS,it conducts groundwater pollution risk assessment and analyzes associated ecological effects.[Results]Results show no high or relatively high−risk zones in Shenyang City.Medium−risk areas,mainly distributed in northwest and southwest paddy fields,account for 12.24%of the total area;relatively low−risk zones,primarily in dry farmlands south and north of the main urban area,make up 49.23%;low−risk regions,extensively covering eastern low mountains,hills,and Hunhe alluvial−proluvial fans,constitute 38.43%.[Conclusions]Ecologically,medium−risk areas face soil−crop system pollution,intensified surface water eutrophication,and wetland ecosystem disturbances;relatively low−risk zones are prone to soil secondary salinization,acidification,potential stress on shallow groundwater−dependent vegetation,and act as pollutant transfer hubs toward downstream and deep layers.Low−risk areas,functioning as key ecological barriers and water conservation zones in Shenyang,require prioritized protection.
作者
张静
代雅建
崔健
马诗敏
ZHANG Jing;DAI Yajian;CUI Jian;MA Shimin(Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey,Shenyang 110034,Liaoning,China)
出处
《地质通报》
北大核心
2025年第8期1462-1471,共10页
Geological Bulletin of China
基金
中国地质调查局项目《沈阳市地质安全体检与风险评估示范》(编号:DD20230542)
辽宁省自然科学基金计划面上项目《人工冻融条件下海积软土的强度与变形特性及其微观响应机理》(编号:2025-MS-325)。
关键词
地下水
脆弱性
污染源
污染风险
生态环境
沈阳
groundwater
vulnerability
pollution source
pollution risk
ecological environment
Shenyang
