摘要
【目的】通过对比分析阿克苏红富士苹果套袋与不套袋果实在不同采收期微量元素及糖类物质含量的变化,以期为阿克苏苹果适宜采收期的选择提供科学依据。【方法】在红富士果实生理成熟前到过熟期定期采样,对苹果中的矿物质元素钾、钠、钙、镁以及糖类物质葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、山梨醇的含量进行测定。【结果】不套袋红富士果实中钾、钠、钙含量在特定采摘点上分别比套袋果实高25.6%(10月30日)、72.1%(10月22日)和17.2%(10月30日),而套袋果实中镁含量较不套袋果实高29.7%(10月22日)。糖类物质中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量呈现先上升后趋于稳定或下降的趋势,而山梨醇含量则持续下降。不套袋果实中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量分别较套袋果实高23.7%(10月26日)、50.2%(11月7日)和74.5%(11月3日)。【结论】套袋处理对红富士苹果果实内钾、钠、钙元素以及果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的积累具有抑制作用,但促进了镁元素的积累,减缓了山梨醇的代谢速率。建议在阿克苏地区不套袋果实的采收期为10月下旬至11月初,此时矿质元素和糖分积累达到峰值、果实品质和贮藏性能较佳;套袋果实的采收期则以10月中下旬为宜,此时果实糖分和矿质元素积累较高,山梨醇含量亦较高,有助于平衡果实品质与贮藏性能。
【Objective】The effects of bagging treatment on the accumulation of trace elements(K,Na,Ca,Mg)and carbohydrates(fructose,glucose,sucrose,sorbitol)were investigated in Aksu Red Fuji apples during different harvest stages,aiming to establish optimal harvest windows for bagged and non-bagged fruits.【Methods】Apples were sampled periodically from pre-physiological maturity to over-ripening stages.Mineral elements and carbohydrate contents were quantified using standardized analytical methods.【Results】Non-bagged fruits exhibited significantly higher levels of K(25.6%higher on October 30),Na(72.1%higher on October 22),and Ca(17.2%higher on October 30)compared to bagged fruits.In contrast,Mg content was 29.7%higher in bagged fruits on October 22.Carbohydrate analysis revealed that fructose,glucose,and sucrose followed a typical accumulation pattern(initial increase followed by stabilization/decline),while sorbitol content progressively decreased.Non-bagged fruits contained 23.7%(October 26),50.2%(November 7),and 74.5%(November 3)more fructose,glucose,and sucrose,respectively,than bagged fruits【Conclusion】Bagging suppressed the accumulation of K,Na,Ca,and major sugars but enhanced Mg retention and delayed sorbitol metabolism.For non-bagged fruits,the optimal harvest period was late October to early November,coinciding with peak mineral and sugar accumulation for superior quality and storability.Bagged fruits reached optimal maturity earlier(mid-to-late October),when sugar-mineral balance and elevated sorbitol levels favored quality preservation.These findings provide actionable guidelines for harvest timing decisions to maximize the commercial value of Aksu Red Fuji apples.
作者
许瑛
徐学里
杨俊翔
包东东
李娟
XU Ying;XU Xueli;YANG Junxiang;BAO Dongdong;LI Juan(Inspection and Testing Center of Aksu Region,Aksu Xinjiang 843000,China)
出处
《果树资源学报》
2025年第5期5-9,共5页
Journal of Fruit Resources
基金
阿克苏地区科技兴阿项目(2023KJXA20)
自治区乡村振兴产业发展科技行动项目(2024NC045)。
