摘要
为了探究灵芝多糖体外发酵特性及其对肠道菌群的调节作用,采用水提醇沉法制备灵芝粗多糖(GLP),通过分级醇沉得到GLP的2个组分,分别为GLP20和GLP80。对GLP及其2个组分的基本结构进行表征,并探究其体外消化及发酵特性。对不同消化阶段的还原糖含量及发酵过程中pH值、总糖、还原糖、短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)等指标进行测定,并通过高通量测序分析GLP、GLP20及GLP80对肠道菌群的丰富度、组成结构等影响。结果表明,GLP20(多糖含量91.82%)为重均分子质量1.903×10^(6) g/mol的β-葡聚糖,GLP80(多糖含量51.09%)含有2个峰,重均分子质量分别为2.911×10^(5) g/mol和3.120×10^(4) g/mol,主要由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖等单糖组成。GLP及其2个组分均具有抗消化性,能够进入结肠被肠道菌群发酵利用,并显著增加有益菌属的相对丰度。其中,GLP可以显著富集粪杆菌属并增加发酵液中乙酸的含量,GLP20可以显著富集巨单胞菌属并增加正丁酸含量,GLP80可以显著富集乳酸杆菌属、普雷沃氏菌属并有利于乙酸和丙酸的生成。本研究为灵芝多糖不同组分作为潜在益生元发挥不同益生功效提供理论依据。
To investigate the in vitro fermentation characteristics of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum and its regulatory effects on gut microbiota,this study prepared Ganoderma lucidum crude polysaccharide(GLP)by water extraction and alcohol precipitation,and then obtained two different components of GLP by fractional alcohol precipitation,GLP20 and GLP80,respectively.The basic structure of GLP and its two components were characterized,and the in vitro digestion and in vitro fermentation characteristics were investigated.The content of reducing sugar in different digestion stages and pH value,total sugar,reducing sugar and short chain fatty acid(SCFAs)during fermentation were determined.The effects of GLP,GLP20 and GLP80 on the abundance and community structure of gut microbiota were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that GLP20(polysaccharide content 91.82%)wasβ-glucan with an average molecular weight of 1.903×10^(6) g/mol,while GLP80(polysaccharide content 51.09%)had two peaks with average molecular weight of 2.911×10^(5) g/mol and 3.120×10^(4) g/mol,respectively.It was mainly composed of monosaccharides such as glucose,mannose and galactose.GLP and its two components were resistant to digestion and could enter the colon to be fermented and utilized by the gut microbiota,further significantly increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.GLP could significantly enrich Faecalibacterium and increase the content of acetic acid in fermentation solution,GLP20 could significantly enrich Megamonas and increase the content of n-butyric acid,GLP80 could significantly enrich Lactobacillus and Prevotella and facilitate the formation of acetic acid and propionic acid.This study provides theoretical basis for different components of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide to exert different probiotic effects as potential prebiotics.
作者
凌冰清
刘利平
冯杰
张劲松
李德顺
王金艳
颜梦秋
刘艳芳
LING Bingqing;LIU Liping;FENG Jie;ZHANG Jingsong;LI Deshun;WANG Jinyan;YAN Mengqiu;LIU Yanfang(School of Health Science and Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093;Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization(South),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,Shanghai 201403)
出处
《中国食品学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期33-44,共12页
Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology
基金
上海市农业科技创新项目(沪农科T2023109)
国家食用菌产业技术体系项目(CARS-20)
上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划项目(2022A-03)。
关键词
灵芝多糖
发酵特性
短链脂肪酸
肠道菌群
polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum
fermentation characteristic
short chain fatty acid
gut microbiota
