摘要
为应对全球性能源消耗增加和环境问题日益严峻,推动“双碳”战略的实施及促进产业可持续发展,合理利用储量丰富和环保的生物质资源,是推进传统隔热保温材料转型升级的关键。生物质气凝胶是一种多孔材料,不仅具有传统气凝胶的优良性能,如低密度、高孔隙率和大比表面积等,还凭借其原料可再生性和“固碳”性等独特优势,在隔热保温应用中具有广阔的发展前景。该文重点介绍了生物质气凝胶的制备方法与分类,总结了生物质气凝胶复合材料的隔热传热特性,综述了生物质气凝胶复合材料在建筑、汽车工业、包装、海水淡化领域中的应用。最后,提出了生物质气凝胶面临的挑战:要达到经济、环保、高效制备要求;要满足在不同应用领域环境下的使用需求;要拓宽生物质气凝胶隔热复合材料的应用。指出未来的研究方向是设计绿色的可回收再利用的实验体系、简化工艺流程;优化制备工艺、开发适应特定应用的功能化材料;研究开发其他生物质材料、探寻新的应用领域。
In order to cope with the increasing global energy consumption and severe environmental problems,to promote the implementation of the"dual carbon"strategy as well as the sustainable development of the industry,the rational use of abundant reserves and environmentally friendly biomass resources is the key to drive the transformation and upgrading of traditional thermal insulation materials.Biomass aerogel,a type of porous material,shows a broad development prospect in insulation applications due to its excellent properties of traditional aerogel,such as low density,high porosity and large specific surface area,as well as its unique advantages of renewable raw materials and"carbon sequestration".Herein,the preparation methods and classification of biomass aerogel was specifically introduced.The heat insulation and heat transfer characteristics of biomass aerogel composites were then summarized,followed by review on the thermal insulation applications of biomass aerogel composites in the fields of construction,automotive industry,packaging,and desalination.Finally,the existing challenges of biomass aerogels were presented as to meet the requirements of economic,environmentally friendly and efficient preparation,to meet the needs of application in different fields and to broaden application prospect.At the same time,the future research directions were also discussed:To design a green recyclable experimental system and simplify the process flow;Optimize the preparation process and develop functional materials adapted to specific applications;Research and develop other biomass materials,and explore new application fields.
作者
郑强
卢文达
叶静
葛龙辉
宋梓豪
崔升
ZHENG Qiang;LU Wenda;YE Jing;GE Longhui;SONG Zihao;CUI Sheng(State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites,Nanjing 211816,Jiangsu,China;China Construction Third Engineering Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430014,Hubei,China;China Construction Yipin Investment and Development Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)
出处
《精细化工》
北大核心
2025年第9期1895-1908,1916,共15页
Fine Chemicals
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3812300)
全国建材行业重大科技攻关项目(202201JBGS18-01)。
关键词
生物质
气凝胶
复合材料
隔热
双碳
应用
biomass
aerogels
composites
thermal insulation
dual carbon
application
