摘要
“通知—删除”规则伴随免责条款而生,作为网络版权领域的特殊规则存在。鉴于“通知—删除”规则与一般侵权规则之间的天然关联,其适用领域不断拓展。我国立法依据一般侵权规则重构“通知—删除”条款,使其完成向归责规则的结构扩张。转型后的“通知—删除”规则具备更高的制度包容性,既能兼容“避风港条款”的政策目标,也为因应技术发展调适平台注意义务留下空间。这体现为平台的审查者定位、事前救济的延伸、误删责任的承担、通知二元效力的确立。归责转型后“通知—删除”规则具备的制度弹性易引发适用的恣意性。依据效率目标与合比例性要求,“通知—删除”规则的适用应围绕审查义务的合理化、适用主体的范围、针对不同阶段侵权的合比例性措施等进行限制。
The"notice-and-takedown"(NTD)rule originated as a liability exemption applied in online copyright protection.Given its inherent connection to general tort rules,the application of NTD rule has continuously expanded.Chinese legislations have accordingly restructured NTD provision and transformed it into a rule of liability attribution.The transformed NTD rule exhibits higher institutional inclusiveness,accommodating the policy objectives of"safe harbor"provisions while leaving room to adjust platforms'due diligence in response to technological developments.This is reflected in positioning platforms as reviewers,the extension of preemptive remedies,liability for erroneous takedowns,and the dual effect of notices.Nevertheless,the institutional flexibility due to structural expansion may also lead to arbitrary application.In light of the requirements of efficiency and proportionality,its implementation should be constrained through the rationalization of review obligation,the feasibility of applicable subject,and adopting proportionate measures against infringement in different stages.
出处
《知识产权》
北大核心
2025年第8期3-22,共20页
Intellectual Property
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“版权领域技术中立原则的内涵重述与规范建构研究”(24BFX090)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
“通知—删除”规则
免责
审查义务
事前救济
合比例性
"notice-and-takedown"rule
liability exemption
reviewing obligation
preemptive remedy
proportionality
