摘要
在现代医疗领域,快速、准确地检测病原微生物是感染性疾病防治的关键。由于分子生物学技术灵敏度高、特异性强、速度快等特点,近年来在病原微生物检测中得到了广泛应用。传统的细菌培养、抗原抗体等检测手段虽能满足临床需要,但仍存在操作繁琐、耗时长等问题。而聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qPCR)等分子生物学手段,由于其具备高效、准确、快速等优点,极大地提升了病原微生物分析的效率与准确度。该方法不但可以快速地对微量病原体的DNA或RNA进行灵敏的检测,而且可以实现对病原菌的基因分型及耐药基因的检测,为临床医生提供更加详细的病原信息,并指导个性化用药。文章就近年来分子生物学技术在病原微生物检测领域的研究进展进行了综述,指出分子生物学技术在病原微生物检测领域优势显著,可提升检测效率与准确度,还能检测耐药基因指导用药,为临床诊疗提供有力支持。
In the modern medical field,rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic microorganisms is the key to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.Due to the characteristics of high sensitivity,strong specificity and fast speed of molecular biology techniques,they have been widely applied in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in recent years.Although traditional detection methods such as bacterial culture and antigen-antibody tests can meet clinical needs,they still have problems such as cumbersome operation and long time consumption.And molecular biological methods such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),due to its advantages such as high efficiency,accuracy and rapidity,it has greatly improved the efficiency and accuracy of pathogenic microorganism analysis.This method can not only rapidly and sensitively detect the DNA or RNA of trace pathogens,but also achieve genotyping of pathogenic bacteria and detection of drug resistance genes,providing clinicians with more detailed pathogen information and guiding personalized medication.This article reviews the research progress of molecular biology techniques in the field of pathogenic microorganism detection in recent years,pointing out that molecular biology techniques have significant advantages in the field of pathogenic microorganism detection.They can improve the detection efficiency and accuracy,and also detect drug resistance genes to guide medication,providing strong support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
作者
潘月华
成浩
张雪强
PAN Yuehua;CHENG Hao;ZHANG Xueqiang(Department of Laboratory Medicine,Women&Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi,Linyi Shandong 276000,China)
出处
《中国卫生标准管理》
2025年第11期189-193,共5页
China Health Standard Management
关键词
分子生物学技术
病原微生物检验
聚合酶链式反应
实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应
耐药基因
研究进展
molecular biology techniques
pathogenic microorganism testing
polymerase chain reaction
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
drug resistance genes
research progress
