摘要
龚自珍被学术界公认为“近代文学的开山祖”,这一文学史地位的确立经历了百余年的演变历程。其先决条件是龚自珍在当时及稍后得到亲友圈层内外的普遍认可,获得了较高的早期评价,但同时存在着文、词评价较高而诗歌评价较低的文体“错位”现象。到近代晚期,随着宋诗派、诗界革命派和南社对龚诗的持续推扬,龚自珍的文学声名随之得到大幅提升。黄人在《中国文学史》中最先将龚自珍确立为近代文学的启蒙人物,这一认识超越了20世纪上半叶的其他类似著述。然而,真正确立“近代文学的开山祖”这一历史定位,则要等到新中国成立后,与“新旧民主主义革命文学”研究范式的成熟密切相关。
As an important writer in Chinese literary history who combined ideological depth with artistic originality,the establishment of Gong Zizhen s status as the“pioneer of modern literature”went through a long-term construction process in academic circles from the late Qing Dynasty to the contemporary era.This process not only reflects the transformation of Chinese literary research paradigms but also highlights the interpretive possibilities of Gong Zizhen s works in different historical contexts.During and shortly after Gong Zizhen s lifetime,his literary achievements were already recognized by his relatives and friends,as well as the academic community.However,there was a significant discrepancy in the evaluation of his poetry,prose,and ci(lyric poetry)at that time:His prose and ci were highly regarded,while his poetry was neglected.This reflects the lag in the canonization process of Gong s poetry during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods.In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,the continuous promotion by the Song Poetry School,the Poetic Revolution School,and the Nanshe(南社)elevated the status of Gong s poetry above his prose and ci.The Song Poetry School regarded Gong s poetry as the culmination of the poetic tradition of the Song Dynasty,represented by figures like Han Yu and Huang Tingjian.The Poetic Revolution School admired Gong s prose for its practical governance thoughts,and Huang Zunxian even imitated Miscellaneous Poems Written in the Jihai Year(己亥杂诗)to create 89 poems of the same title.The Southern Society particularly commended the intense style of Gong s poetry and launched a large-scale movement to compile his poems,shaping his image as a classic poet.Huang Ren,in A History of Chinese Literature,first positioned Gong Zizhen as an enlightening figure who broke through the“ambiguous period”of Qing Dynasty literature.In the proposed chapter on the Qing Dynasty,he listed Gong Zizhen as the first writer of the Daoguang reign,essentially regarding him as the beginning of modern literature.However,most literary history works in the first half of the 20th century did not continue this approach.After the founding of the People s Republic of China,the research paradigm of“old and new democratic revolutionary literature”promoted the establishment of Gong Zizhen s status as the“pioneer of modern literature”.The 1957 Teaching Outline for the History of Chinese Literature took him as the opening figure of modern literature,emphasizing his“enlightened”and“patriotic”thoughts and his premonition of social upheavals.The History of Chinese Literature edited by You Guoen explicitly called him the“pioneering writer of modern literature”,and works by scholars such as Liu Dajie and Guo Yanli further strengthened this positioning,arguing that he embodied both ideological enlightenment and literary innovation.The establishment of Gong Zizhen s status in literary history is essentially a product of the construction of the modern literature discipline.From Huang Ren first conferring on him the identity of an enlightener of modern literature to the academic positioning based on revolutionary theory after 1949,this process not only reflects the changes in academic paradigms across different eras but also reveals the dual dimensions of ideologism and timeliness in the construction of literary canons.The final establishment of his image as a“pioneer”not only completes the integration of his diverse literary achievements but also lays the historical foundation for the study of modern literature,holding important significance for the history of the discipline.
出处
《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期1-18,共18页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
龚自珍
近代文学
中国文学史
新旧民主主义革命文学
Gong Zizhen
modern literature
history of Chinese literature
old and new democratic revolutionary literature
