摘要
【目标】探究混合时间窗约束与货损率限制对多式联运路径选择的影响,构建综合运输成本、货损成本及时间成本最低的优化模型,以应对运输需求不确定性的挑战。【方法】引入货损率限制等级参数并转化为货损成本,建立以节点固定服务硬时间窗和目的地软时间窗为约束的多式联运路径模型,结合机会约束规划理论清晰化模型,采用基于模拟退火的遗传算法求解,通过含35节点、3种运输方式、137条运输弧的网络验证模型,并对不确定需求参数进行敏感性分析,探究不确定需求参数对运输路径选择及各项成本的影响。【结果】(1)在有混合时间窗约束的情况下,当货损率限制不严格时,多式联运经营人倾向于选择铁路运输,货损率限制严格时则倾向于选择公铁水联运以分担货损率满足要求;在无混合时间窗约束的情况下,货物的运输路径选择与货损率限制无关,此时运输方式变化不显著。(2)随着运输需求量降低10%~30%,铁路在运输方式中的占比由62.5%降低至37.5%,水路在运输方式中的占比逐渐提升,货损成本变动不显著;随着运输需求量增加10%~30%,运输路径不发生变化,运输方式变化不显著,此时货损成本急剧增加30%以上。【结论】混合时间窗与货损率限制显著影响多式联运路径选择,需动态平衡运输方式;需求波动下路径稳定性强,但货损成本对需求增量高度敏感,需优先控制高需求场景的货损风险。
[Objective]The study investigated the influences of mixed time window constraints and cargo damage rate restrictions on multimodal transport path selection.The optimization model was set up with the lowest comprehensive transportation cost,cargo damage cost and time cost to meet the challenges of uncertain transportation demand.[Method]The cargo damage rate restriction level parameters were introduced and converted into cargo damage cost.The multimodal transport path model was established with the node fixed service hard time windows and the destination soft time windows as the constraints.Combining with the clarified model with chance constrained programming,the genetic algorithm based on simulated annealing was used to solve the model.Through a network verification model containing 35 nodes,3 transportation modes,and 137 transportation arcs,the sensitivity analysis was carried out on the uncertain demand parameters.The influences of uncertain demand parameters on transportation path selection and various costs were investigated.[Result]In the case of mixed time window constraints,when the cargo damge rate restriction is not strict,the multimodal transport operators tend to choose railway transport.When the cargo damge rate restriction is strict,the operators tend to choose highway-railway-waterway intermodal transport in order to share the damge rate for satisfing the requirements.In the case of no mixed time window constraints,the transport path selection is not related to the cargo damge rate restriction;and the variation on transport mode is not significant.As the transport demand decreases by 10%-30%,the proportion of railway transport decreases from 62.5%to 37.5%,the proportion of waterway transport gradually increases,and the variation on cargo damge cost is not significant.As transport demand increases by 10%-30%,the transport path does not change,the variation on transport mode is insignificant,and the cargo damge cost increases sharply by more than 30%.[Conclusion]The mixed time windows and cargo damage rate restrictions significantly affect the multimodal transport path selection.The transport modes need to be dynamically balanced.The path stability is strong with demand fluctuations,while the cargo damage cost is highly sensitive to the demand increment,and the cargo damage risk in high-demand scenarios needs to be controlled first.
作者
胡军红
汤瑞
闻成维
张雯婕
HU Junhong;TANG Rui;WEN Chengwei;ZHANG Wenjie(School of Transportation Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211800,China)
出处
《公路交通科技》
北大核心
2025年第8期196-206,共11页
Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development
基金
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX22_0479)。
关键词
综合运输
路径优化
不确定需求
货损货差
混合时间窗
traffic engineering
path optimization
uncertain demand
cargo damage
mixed time windows
