摘要
矿山废弃地生态恢复与资源化利用是金属矿业可持续发展面临的重要课题之一。本研究针对铁尾矿区土壤高盐碱、低营养、保水性差、难以利用等问题,选用紫花苜蓿作为先锋植物,采用“沼液+微生物菌剂”协同处理,通过田间小区实验,探究该技术对土壤理化性质、肥力、植物生长及微生物群落结构的改良效果,旨在明确其对生态修复的潜力。结果显示,协同处理修复效果显著优于单一处理及对照:土壤pH值降低1.5个单位,电导率下降38.4%,盐碱胁迫得到有效缓解;持水量增加了114.0%,土壤结构改善,为植物生长创造了良好的物理环境。土壤有机质、有效磷、有效硅含量分别提升84.7%、57.4%和37.1%,碱性磷酸酶活性增强0.89倍,土壤肥力显著提升;紫花苜蓿生长态势显著优于其他处理。微生物多样性分析表明,协同处理显著提升了土壤微生物丰富度,其中氢噬胞菌属(Hydrogenophaga)和新鞘氨醇菌属(Novosphingobium)等功能菌群丰度较对照增加1.8~3.5倍,可通过强化氮循环、促进碳固定、活化营养元素及降解有机污染物等作用,有效维系土壤生态系统的功能稳定性。实验表明,沼液协同微生物菌剂可通过改善土壤理化性质、提升生物活性、优化微生物群落结构及促进先锋植物生长的多维度协同效应,实现铁尾矿区土壤的高效生态修复。
One of the most critical topics for the metal mining industry′s sustainable development is the ecological restoration and resource utilization of abandoned mining areas.To address the problems of high salinity-alkalinity,low nutrition,poor water retention and difficulty in utilization of soil in iron tailing areas,this study selected alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)as a pioneer plant and adopted the synergistic treatment of"biogas slurry+microbial inoculant".Then field plot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of this technology on soil physicochemical properties,fertility,plant growth,and microbial community structure,aiming to evaluate its potential for ecological restoration.The results showed that the restoration effect of the synergistic treatment significantly outperformed single treatments and the control.Specifically,the soil pH value decreased by 1.5 units,and the electrical conductivity decreased by 38.4%,thus effectively alleviating saline-alkali stress.Water holding capacity rose by 114.0%,improving the soil structure and creating a favorable physical environment for plant growth.Soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available silicon increased by 84.7%,57.4%and 37.1%respectively,and the activity of alkaline phosphatase increased by 0.89-fold,showing a significant improvement in soil fertility.Alfalfa growth was remarkably better than that of other treatments.Microbial diversity analysis indicated that the synergistic treatment notably increased the richness of soil microorganisms,with the abundance of functional bacterial groups such as Hydrogenophaga and Novosphingobium increasing by 1.8-to 3.5-fold compared with the control.These functional groups can effectively maintain the functional stability of the soil ecosystem through enhancing nitrogen cycling,promoting carbon fixation,activating nutrient elements and degrading organic pollutants.This study demonstrates that biogas slurry combined with microbial inoculant can achieve efficient ecological restoration of soil in iron tailing areas through multi-dimensional synergistic effects,including refining soil physicochemical properties,enhancing biological activity,optimizing microbial community structure and promoting the growth of pioneer plants.
作者
习彦花
张晶
吕亚天
孙立博
郭东明
程辉彩
XI Yanhua;ZHANG Jing;LV Yatian;SUN Libo;GUO Dongming;CHENG Huicai(Institute of Biology,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050081,China;School of Water Resources and Environment,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050031,China;School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan Hebei 056038,China)
出处
《河北省科学院学报》
2025年第4期53-61,73,共10页
Journal of The Hebei Academy of Sciences
基金
河北省科技计划项目(22373803D)
河北省科学院重点研发项目(25305)。
关键词
铁尾矿砂土壤
沼液
微生物强化
生态修复
资源化利用
Iron tailings sand soil
Biogas slurry
Microbial enhancement
Ecological restoration
Resource utilization
