摘要
为探究施用沼液对玉米种植的化肥减量效果,明确其适宜施用比例,以玉米品种正大659为材料,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、优化施肥(OF)、沼液替代20%化肥氮(OM1)、沼液替代40%化肥氮(OM2)共5个处理,开展田间小区试验,研究等氮量条件下沼液替代化肥比例对玉米生长、产量、经济效益及土壤理化性质等的影响。结果表明:优化施肥及沼液替代处理的玉米籽粒产量较常规施肥增加了0.88%~3.84%,经济效益增加了5.19%~37.80%;与OF处理相比,OM1、OM2处理的玉米籽粒产量分别增加1.58%、2.94%,经济效益分别增加17.69%、31.00%,其中OM2处理的产投比最高;相较于OF处理,各沼液替代处理均表现出显著的化肥减量效果,同时提高了玉米百粒重及可食部分氮、磷和粗脂肪含量,但土壤全磷含量降低。总体而言,优化施肥及配施沼液能有效提升土壤氮含量,促进植株养分吸收,改善产量构成性状,提高产质量,实现节本增收,其中,当替代比例为40%时,沼液替代化肥措施对玉米产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响效果较佳。
This study aims to explore the effect of replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry in maize planting and determine the appropriate application ratio.The maize cultivar'Zhengda 659'was planted and fertilized with five treatments:no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(CF),optimized fertilization(OF),biogas slurry replacing 20%chemical fertilizer nitrogen(OM1),and biogas slurry replacing 40%chemical fertilizer nitrogen(OM2).Field plot experiments were carried out to study the effects of biogas slurry replacing ratio under equal nitrogen on the growth,yield,and economic benefit of maize and the physicochemical properties of soil.The results showed that OF,OM1,and OM2 increased the maize yield by 0.88%-3.84%and economic benefit by 5.19%-37.80%compared with CF.Compared with OF,OM1 and OM2 increased the maize yield by 1.58%and 2.94%and the economic benefit by 17.69%and 31.00%,respectively,and the output-input ratio of OM2 was the highest.Compared with OF,replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry effectively increased the 100-grain weight and the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,and crude fat in edible parts,while decreasing the content of total phosphorus in soil.In general,OF,OM1,and OM2 can effectively increase soil nitrogen content,facilitate plant nutrient absorption,and improve yield components,yield,and quality,thereby saving costs and increasing income.Replacing 40%fertilizer nitrogen with biogas slurry(OM2)demonstrated better performance in improving maize yield,maize quality,and soil fertility.
作者
黄欢
周威
刘灿
王依
褚飞
罗卓
彭志红
周旋
HUANG Huan;ZHOU Wei;LIU Can;WANG Yi;CHU Fei;LUO Zhuo;PENG Zhi-hong;ZHOU Xuan(Miluo Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Miluo 414400,PRC;Hunan Institute of Agricultural Soil and Eco-Environment,Changsha 410125,PRC)
出处
《湖南农业科学》
2025年第8期49-53,共5页
Hunan Agricultural Sciences
基金
湖南省重点研发计划(2023NK2028)
湖南省绿色种养循环农业试点项目(农办农[2021]10号)。
关键词
玉米
沼液还田
化肥减量
产量
经济效益
土壤肥力
maize
returning biogas slurry to the field
chemical fertilizer reduction
yield
economic benefit
soil fertility
