摘要
黑色素瘤侵袭性强、致死率高,传统治疗手段效果有限。以免疫检查点抑制剂为基础的免疫治疗,在黑色素瘤的临床治疗领域实现了重大突破。其中,经典的免疫检查点抑制剂,如CTLA-4、PD-1/PD-L1,在免疫肿瘤学中具有里程碑式的意义。与此同时,新兴的免疫检查点抑制剂,诸如LAG-3、TIM-3以及TIGIT等,也展现出令人瞩目的新疗效。细胞治疗以及新抗原疫苗也取得重大进展。目前,免疫联合疗法通过协同多种机制,显著提升治疗效果,但也面临免疫相关不良反应、免疫耐药等难题。未来研究方向在于挖掘新型联合靶点、结合前沿技术、发展个性化治疗方案及耐药监测等策略,从而突破现有治疗困境。本文系统总结黑色素瘤免疫治疗的最新进展与现存挑战,以期为临床实践和科学研究提供新的思路和参考。
Melanoma is highly invasive and has a high mortality rate.The effectiveness of traditional treatment methods is limited.Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors has achieved a major breakthrough in melanoma treatment.Among them,classic immune checkpoint inhibitors,such as CTLA-4,PD-1/PD-L1,have a landmark significance in the field of immuno-oncology.Meanwhile,emerging checkpoint inhibitors,including LAG-3,TIM-3,and TIGIT,have demonstrated promising new therapeutic effects.Significant progress has also been made in cellular therapies and neoantigen-based vaccines.Currently,immunotherapy combination regimens significantly enhance the therapeutic effect through the synergistic action of multiple mechanisms,but they also face challenges such as immune-related adverse reactions and immune resistance.Future research directions lie in exploring novel combined targets,integrating cutting-edge technologies,developing personalized treatment plans,and implementing strategies such as resistance monitoring,to overcome current therapeutic limitations.This article systematically summarizes the latest progress and existing challenges in the immunotherapy of melanoma,aiming to provide new insights and references for clinical practice and scientific research.
作者
林晶
陈雅莹
陈誉
LIN Jing;CHEN Yaying;CHEN Yu(Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University,Fujian Cancer Hospital,Fuzhou 350014,China)
出处
《皮肤性病诊疗学杂志》
2025年第7期492-501,共10页
Journal of Diagnosis and Therapy on Dermato-venereology
基金
国家自然科学基金(82350126)
福建省自然科学基金(2023J011254)
福建省卫健委优秀青年科学基金(2022ZQNZD009)
福建省科技创新联合基金(2023Y9412)
地方科技发展专项基金(2023L3020)。
