摘要
挥发份(H_(2)O、CO_(2)等)是控制地球内部多圈层系统物理-化学性质及动力学过程的关键因素,在板块构造、岩浆-成矿活动乃至地球宜居环境演化中发挥重要作用.由于挥发份会显著改变壳幔岩石的物理属性,结合地球物理深部探测与高温高压岩石物理实验是目前获取地球内部挥发份含量分布的主要手段.在诸多物理属性中,电导率对微量挥发份物质的存在及含量变化尤为敏感,因此利用大地电磁测深(MT)、地磁测深(GDS)等天然场源电磁探测获取的深部电导率结构可为约束壳幔挥发份含量分布提供关键观测约束.本文首先概述了主要天然场源电磁测深方法的基本原理及特性,并详细介绍了壳幔常见矿物/岩石及熔体的高温高压电导率实验结果,进而回顾了在不同地质构造背景下结合二者开展深部挥发份分布研究的典型案例.最后,本文对现有研究存在的不足及困难进行了总结和讨论,并进一步展望了未来的发展方向和潜在挑战.
Volatiles(such as H_(2)O,CO_(2))are the crucial factors controlling the physical-chemical properties and dynamic processes of the multi-layer system within the Earth,and therein play an important role in plate tectonics,magmatic-mineral activities,and even the development of the planet's habitable environment.Because volatiles can drastically alter the physical characteristics of crust-mantle rocks,the primary method for determining their content and distribution within the Earth is to combine geophysical observations with high-temperature and high-pressure petrophysical experiments.Of the many physical properties,electrical conductivity is particularly sensitive to the presence and abundance of trace amounts of volatile materials,and therefore the deep conductivity structure derived from natural-source electromagnetic(EM)sounding methods such as magnetotellurics(MT)and geomagnetic depth sounding(GDS)offers crucial observational information for constraining the distribution of volatiles in the crust and mantle.This review firstly summarizes the basic principles and characteristics of the major naturalsource EM sounding methods,and presents in detail the high-temperature and high-pressure experimental studies on the electrical conductivity of major minerals/rocks and melts in the crust and mantle,then reviews typical cases combining the two methods to study the distribution of deep volatiles in different geological settings.Finally,this review synthesizes and discusses the existing shortcomings and difficulties of current research,and further prospects the future development directions and potential challenges.
作者
周虹利
李鑫
邓阳凡
朱晟
Zhou Hongli;Li Xin;Deng Yangfan;Zhu Sheng(State Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Processes and Resource,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《地球与行星物理论评(中英文)》
2025年第6期641-664,共24页
Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(92479204,U24A20602)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0801003)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA0430203)。
关键词
挥发份
大地电磁测深
地磁测深
岩石物理实验
电导率
volatiles
magnetotellurics
geomagnetic depth sounding
petrophysical experiment
electrical conductivity
