摘要
船舶噪声是海洋低频噪声(<1000 Hz)的主要来源,其频带与海洋生物生活所依赖的声音频带有重叠,会干扰海洋生物的生活.同时,船舶噪声作为一种声源,在海底浅部成像和海底地声参数反演方面具有潜在应用价值.获得船舶的位置信息是评估噪声影响以及利用船舶噪声的基础.本文基于在南海神狐海域深海区开展的一次船舶噪声实验,利用海底布设的三条垂直水听器线阵,记录已知船舶辐射的噪声(包括螺旋桨转动、机械振动、船体运动等所有由船引起的噪声),并从波形、频率及时间-频率谱三个方面进行分析,结果表明:(1)深度2600 m的深海仍然能记录到强振幅的船舶噪声信号;(2)噪声频率高频端可达400 Hz;(3)时频谱呈现特征性的“浴缸状”干涉条纹.另外,通过互相关计算获得船舶噪声传播到不同水听器的到时差,采用均匀网格搜索实现船舶定位.在7~8 km的范围内,定位结果的均方根误差约为200 m.本文的研究结果有助于提高人们对船舶噪声,尤其是深海环境中船舶噪声的认识,为减轻船舶噪声污染以及利用船舶噪声进行海洋参数研究提供重要依据.
Ship noise is the primary source of low-frequency noise(<1000 Hz)in the ocean.Ship noise may disturb marine life′s activities because there is overlap between the frequency bands of ship noise and the sound marine creatures relies on.On the other hand,ship noise,as a sound source,has potential applications in imaging the subseafloor structure and estimating geoacoustic parameters.It is the basis of noise assessment as well as the use of ship noise to obtain the ship′s location.This paper is based on a ship noise experiment carried out in the Shenhu deep-sea region,South China Sea.Using three vertical line arrays of hydrophones mounted on the seafloor,the known ship noise(including propeller rotation,mechanical vibration,hull motion and all the other noise caused by the ship)is recorded and analyzed from the three aspects of waveform,frequency band and timefrequency spectrum.The results show that:(1)Ship noise with a strong amplitude can still be recorded in the deep sea down to a depth of 2600 m;(2)The highest frequency of noise is up to 400 Hz;(3)The time-frequency spectrum displays distinctive interference stripes in the shape of a bath-tube.Additionally,the difference of arrival times of ship noise transmitted to different hydrophones is calculated with cross-correlation method and grid-search method on uniform grids is used to localize the ship.The root mean square of positioning results is approximately 200 m within a range of 7~8 km.The results of this work can contribute to a better understanding of ship noise,especially in the deep sea environment,and provide a important basis for lowering marine noise pollution and utilizing ship noise for marine research.
作者
刘斌
江文彬
郝小柱
林江南
王明
张家发
LIU Bin;JIANG WenBin;HAO XiaoZhu;LIN JiangNan;Wang Ming;ZHANG JiaFa(Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Guangzhou 511458,China)
出处
《地球物理学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期3664-3674,共11页
Chinese Journal of Geophysics
基金
国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2024YFF0509900)资助.
关键词
船舶噪声
定位
垂直线阵
深海
Ship noise
Localization
Vertical line array
Deep sea
