摘要
公路隧道的驾驶风险与路段特性、隧道长度和线形设计紧密有关,并且不同等级隧道在设计和照明标准上存在显著差异,因此优化隧道光环境需综合考虑道路等级、路段、长度和线形等因素的差异化需求。基于对公路隧道光环境和线形特征对驾驶风险影响的深入分析,提出考虑差异化需求的公路隧道光环境优化框架,主要包括光环境的优化技术和思路,并分析不同等级公路隧道应用案例。分析结果表明:隧道出入口处光环境的变化剧烈且行车断面突变,而隧道内光环境昏暗单调、参照物少且侧向宽度过窄,是造成高驾驶风险的主要原因;此外,隧道弯坡路段导致视距不足,并增加速度的离散性,进一步增大驾驶风险。线形诱导优化方法通过以线条形、环形诱导设施为主,点状诱导设施为辅,并采用多频率、多尺度和多方位的信息组合方式,可以增强洞口视线诱导的连续性和一致性,清晰勾勒隧道轮廓及隧道线形走向;同时,优化诱导设施的形状、颜色和亮度的恒常性,能有效提升诱导设施的视认性。以视线诱导设施为主的优化方法,主要利用逆反射技术、蓄能自发光和LED发光等技术,低成本改善隧道局部光环境,适用于各等级公路隧道。
The driving risk of highway tunnels is closely related to the characteristics of the road section,tunnel length,and alignment design.There are significant differences in design and lighting standards among tunnels of different classes.Therefore,optimizing the tunnel lighting environment requires comprehensive consideration of differentiated requirements such as road class,section,length,and alignment.Based on an in-depth analysis of the impact of the light environment and roadway alignment characteristics of highway tunnels on driving risks,a framework for optimizing the light environment of highway tunnels considering differentiation demand is proposed.This framework mainly includes optimization techniques and ideas for light environment.Application cases of different classes of highway tunnels are analyzed.The analysis results show that the changes in the lighting environment at the entrance and exit of the tunnel are severe,and the driving section changes abruptly.The dim and monotonous lighting environment inside the tunnel,with few references and narrow lateral width,are the main reasons for high driving risks.Additionally,the design of tunnel curves and longitudinal slopes may result in insufficient line of sight and increase the variability of speed,further increasing driving risks.The linear guidance optimization method primarily employs linear and circular visual guiding devices,supplemented by point visual guiding devices,and utilizes a combination of multi-frequency,multi-scale,and multi-directional information to enhance the continuity and consistency of sight induction at the tunnel entrance,clearly outlining the tunnel's outline and road alignment direction.Meanwhile,optimizing the shape,color,and brightness of visual guiding devices can effectively enhance their visual recognition.The optimization method based on visual guiding devices mainly utilizes technologies such as retroreflection,self-illumination energy storage,and LED illumination to improve the local light environment of tunnels at low cost,and is suitable for various levels of highway tunnels.
作者
梅家林
杜志刚
马傲君
麦晶
MEI Jia-lin;DU Zhi-gang;MA Ao-jun;MAI Jing(School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;Foshan Electric Lighting Co.Ltd.,Foshan 528099,China)
出处
《公路》
北大核心
2025年第8期247-256,共10页
Highway
关键词
交通工程
公路隧道
光环境
驾驶风险
视线诱导
优化方法
traffic engineering
highway tunnel
light environment
driving risk
visual guidance
optimization method
