摘要
孔颖达以道可行于他人来解释“道不远人”,或许能获得某种形象的效果,却产生了不必要的空间感。朱子通过化解“彼此之别”,成功地消除了这种空间感,实现了道与人之间的零距离,从而得以解答一些根本性的问题。但从“忠恕违道不远”来看,道与人之间终究能以远近而言。忠恕的工夫只是离道不远,自身并不能确保所发皆当。道与人不相远,或道与人合一,不是空间距离上的远近,也不是当下洞见这种意义上的合一。只有置于一个时间的跨度上,比如当下、日月、三月之类,才会由于某种偏离而产生或远或近的现象。颜子“三月不违仁”,实乃日复一日的“克己复礼”之功。
Kong Yingda′s interpretation of“the Dao being not far from people”through the concept of“the Dao being accessible to others”might achieve a certain vivid effect,yet it inadvertently generated unnecessary spatial sense.Zhu Xi successfully resolved this spatial sense by dissolving the“distinction between each other”,and achieved zero-distance between the Dao and people,thereby addressing fundamental philosophical inquiries.However,when examining“loyalty and reciprocity being not far from the doctrine of the mean”,the relationship between the Dao and people ultimately manifests through spatial proximity.The practice of loyalty and reciprocity remains close to the Dao,yet cannot guarantee perfect alignment in every action.The Dao is not far away from people,or the unity of Dao and people is not the distance in space,nor is it the unity in the sense of current insight.Only when viewed across a temporal span(like the present moment,solar term,or lunar month)does deviation create varying degrees of proximity.Yan Hui′s“not deviating from benevolence for three months”exemplifies the daily practice of“self-restraint and ritual restoration”.
出处
《天府新论》
2025年第5期78-87,156,157,共12页
New Horizons from Tianfu
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“儒家教化思想通史编纂与研究”(编号:24&ZD224)。
关键词
道不远人
空间
时间
朱熹
《中庸》
“Dao being not far from people”
space
time
Zhu Xi
The Doctrine of the Mean
