摘要
作为国内人工智能模型的代表,DeepSeek因其远低于世界主流人工智能模型的训练成本迅速火爆全网,引起社会各界广泛关注。这些关注点集中于两个问题:DeepSeek如何做到“高性价比”,以及开源为什么比闭源更能够做到“高性价比”。解释这两个问题的关键在于理清DeepSeek迅速崛起的生产力逻辑。本文借助马克思《资本论》中“相对剩余价值的生产”相关论述,阐述了DeepSeek迅速崛起背后的生产力逻辑,即资本以提高生产力为手段,以可变资本和不变资本的节约,获取更多利润。具体体现为,通过劳动的社会化(“分工专业化”和“协作紧密化”)和芯片、数据等生产资料的集中,DeepSeek在提高生产力的同时,实现了可变资本和不变资本的节约,从而做到“高性价比”,获取更多利润。而劳动的社会化和生产资料的集中共同作用所产生的“社会的劳动生产力”,通过DeepSeek开源为社会共同占有,比通过OpenAI等闭源被私人占有,更能够推动社会生产力发展,这蕴含未来“重新建立个人所有制”的可能。
As a representative of domestic artificial intelligence models,DeepSeek has rapidly gained popularity across the internet due to its significantly lower training costs compared to the world′s mainstream AI models,thus attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society.These concerns mainly focus on two questions:how does DeepSeek achieve“high cost-effectiveness”,and why is open-source more capable of doing so than closed-source?The key to explaining these two questions lies in clarifying the productivity logic behind DeepSeek′s rapid rise.This article,drawing on Marx′s discussion of“production of relative surplus value”in Das Kapital,elaborates on the productivity logic behind DeepSeek′s rapid rise,which is that capital,by enhancing productivity as a means,saves variable and constant capital to obtain more profits.Specifically,through socialization of labor(“specialization of division of labor”and“tighter co-operation”)and centralization of the means of production such as chips and data,DeepSeek not only enhances productivity but also saves variable and constant capital,thereby achieving“high cost-effectiveness”and obtaining more profits.“The social productive power of labor”,generated by the combined effects of socialization of labor and centralization of the means of production,can drive the development of social productivity more effectively when open-sourced through DeepSeek for common societal possession than when privately owned by entities such as OpenAI.This implies the possibility of“re-establishing individual property”in the future.
作者
郑泽华
张开
Zheng Zehua;Zhang Kai
出处
《天府新论》
2025年第5期29-39,154,155,共13页
New Horizons from Tianfu
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学视域下的资本理论研究”(编号:24BJL006)。
