摘要
大气颗粒物是中国城市居民健康主要威胁之一,其浓度和分布受城市三维空间特征影响显著,高温热浪频发使得这种作用关系趋向复杂。引入融合三维属性的局地气候分区景观分类体系,设定一般与高温2种气候情景,建立土地利用回归模型,探究不同情景下城市三维景观格局对大气颗粒物浓度作用规律的差异。结果显示,高温热浪条件下,PM2.5颗粒市区较高浓度区域占比下降了54.01%,但郊区中较高浓度区域面积上升了约1/5。PM10颗粒较低浓度区域面积显著减少了17.52%,市区中约有1/3的区域从中浓度提升至较高浓度。不同情景下,建筑密度增加会导致颗粒物累积,而工业区景观形状复杂性增加有助于缓解大气污染。自然景观的净化作用在高温情景下受到抑制,尤其是植物景观。
Urbanization has intensified atmospheric particulate pollution,posing critical environmental and public health challenges globally.This study investigates the influence of Shanghai's three-dimensional urban landscape patterns on PM2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations during heatwave episodes,utilizing the Local Climate Zones(LCZ)framework to analyze interactions between urban morphology and extreme climate.Hourly PM2.5 and PM2.5 data from 51 monitoring stations throughout 2022 were analyzed,with heatwaves defined as≥3 consecutive days exceeding 35℃.Spatial distribution was modeled through Kriging interpolation,while landscape metrics were computed within 2 km buffers using LCZ classification.Land Use Regression(LUR)models quantified landscape-pollution relationships.Heatwaves substantially reconfigured particulate distribution patterns.PM2.5 high-concentration zones,predominant across 85%of central urban areas under normal conditions,dispersed toward suburban regions during heatwaves.Urban core hotspots decreased by 13.11%due to enhanced vertical turbulence facilitating particle uplift.Conversely,PM2.5 concentrations increased in urban cores,constrained by limited dispersion capacity of larger particles,while suburban mid-concentration areas expanded by 18.16%-attributable to heat-amplified photochemical reactions generating secondary particulates.Urban form exhibited climate-contingent influences.High-density low-rise developments consistently elevated particulate concentrations through restricted airflow,demonstrating positive correlations between building cluster continuity(Largest Patch Index)and PM2.5 levels.Industrial zones with complex boundaries(higher Landscape Shape Index)promoted pollution dispersion,particularly during heatwaves when intensified thermal convection amplified this effect.Natural landscapes responded differentially:vegetation's particle-capturing capacity diminished under thermal stress due to stomatal closure,necessitating expansive contiguous green spaces for effective mitigation.Water bodies required concentrated configurations to maximize evaporative cooling-driven particulate dispersion during extreme heat.Heatwaves thus manifested dual impacts:improving central urban PM2.5 levels through vertical mixing while exacerbating PM2.5 formation via photochemistry and impairing green infrastructure functionality-collectively elevating suburban pollution risks.These findings underscore the necessity for climate-adaptive urban design.Strategic recommendations include:decentralizing high-density construction to enhance ventilation;segmenting industrial zones with green buffers to promote air exchange;establishing interconnected green corridors to counter heat-compromised phytoremediation;and strategically clustering water features to leverage evaporative cooling during thermal extremes.This research pioneers the integration of LCZ methodology with extreme climate analysis,providing actionable insights for pollution-resilient planning in climate-vulnerable high-density cities.
作者
姜睿原
陆海翔
(保)瓦西里·科斯托夫
曹加杰
JIANG Ruiyuan;LU Haixiang;(Bulgaria)Veselin Krastev;CAO Jiajie(School of Design,Shanghai Jiao Tong University;School of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037;Institute of Agricultural Economics in Sofia,Sofia 1000)
出处
《中国园林》
北大核心
2025年第8期21-28,共8页
Chinese Landscape Architecture
基金
上海市科技创新行动计划项目(22230750500)。
关键词
风景园林
城市高温热浪
大气颗粒物
三维景观格局
局地气候区
landscape architecture
urban heatwave
atmospheric particulate matter
3D landscape pattern
local climate zone
