摘要
为了解使用柠条(Caragana intermedia)改良以黄蒿(Artemisia scoparia)、油蒿(A.ordosica)为主的退化或利用率低的林草地效果,以内蒙古鄂托克旗1333 hm^(2)改良试验示范地为研究对象,分析柠条林建植当年不同栽植模式(模式Ⅰ栽植密度为7995株·hm^(-2),实施面积25.33 hm^(2);模式Ⅱ密度为840株·hm^(-2),面积40.003 hm^(2);模式Ⅲ密度为1665株·hm^(-2),面积33.33 hm^(2);模式Ⅳ密度为1665株·hm^(-2),面积34.67 hm^(2)生长成活情况以及林内草本植物群落组成和生物多样性。结果表明:1)柠条改良退化黄蒿地,平均成活率84.21%,株高37.20 cm,冠幅25.15 cm×23.45 cm,地径0.28 cm,整体效果良好。受鼠兔害影响,不同栽植模式有所差异,模式Ⅳ地块鼠兔害较为严重,柠条生长相对较差。2)柠条建植当年,林内草本植物共记录到7科17属20种,经过一个生长季,项目地群落组成优势植物由原来的菊科蒿属植物群落转化为以禾本科为主的狗尾草(Setaria viridis)+画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)群落,模式Ⅰ、模式Ⅱ、模式Ⅲ为狗尾草+画眉草群落,模式Ⅳ为画眉草+茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris)群落。3)林内草本植物Patrick丰富度指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数由高到低均为模式Ⅰ、模式Ⅱ、模式Ⅲ、模式Ⅳ;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数由高到低为模式Ⅰ、模式Ⅱ、模式Ⅳ、模式Ⅲ;Alatalo均匀度指数由高到低依次为模式Ⅳ、模式Ⅰ、模式Ⅲ、模式Ⅱ。6个多样性指数综合来看,最丰富的是模式Ⅰ,其次是模式Ⅱ、模式Ⅲ、模式Ⅳ。4)不同模式地块,其立地条件存在一定的差异性,立地条件较好的地块,多样性也较丰富,试验示范林的成活和生长情况也相对较好。反之,立地条件较差,多样性也低,鼠洞密集的地块,不但影响了柠条的生长,也影响了地上草本植物生物多样性。在改良退化林草地时,鼠兔害防治是一项不可忽略的重要环节。
In order to understand the effect of using Caragana intermedia to improve the degraded or low utilization rate of forest and grassland dominated by Artemisia scoparia and A.ordosica,the 1333 hm^(2)improvement test demonstration site in Etuoke Banner of Inner Mongolia was taken as the research object,and the growth and survival of different planting modes in the year of Caragana intermedia forest plantation,as well as the composition and biodiversity of herbaceous plant community in the forest were analyzed.The results showed as the following four aspects.(1)Caragana intermedia improved degraded Artemisia scoparia field,the average survival rate was 84.21%,the plant height was 37.20 cm,the crown width was 25.15 cm×23.45 cm,the ground diameter was 0.28 cm,and the overall effect was good.Affected by pika damage,there were differences among different planting patterns.The damage caused by pika was relatively severe in plots with PatternⅣ,and the growth of Caragana intermedia was relatively poor.(2)In the year when Caragana intermedia was planted,a total of 20 herbaceous plant species belonging to 17 genera and 7 families were recorded in the forest.After one growing season,the dominant plants in the community composition of the project site were transformed from the original Asteraceae Artemisia plant community to the Setaria viridis+Eragrostis pilosa community dominated by Poaceae.PatternsⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢformed the Setaria viridis+Eragrostis pilosa community,while PatternⅣdeveloped into the Eragrostis pilosa+Artemisia capillaris community.(3)The Patrick richness index of herbaceous plants in the forest Margalef richness index and pielou’s evenness index from high to low were PatternⅠ,PatternⅡ,PatternⅢ,PatternⅣ;Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson diversity index from high to low were PatternⅠ,PatternⅡ,PatternⅥ,PatternⅢ;Alatalo evenness index from high to low were PatternⅣ,PatternⅠ,PatternⅢ,modeⅡ.Comprehensively considering the six diversity indices,the most abundant was PatternⅠ,followed by PatternⅡ,PatternⅢand PatternⅣ.(4)There were some differences in the site conditions of different model plots.The plots with better site conditions were also rich in diversity,and the survival and growth of experimental demonstration forests were also relatively good.On the contrary,the site conditions were poor and the diversity was low.The plots with dense rat holes not only affected the growth of Caragana intermedia,but also affected the biodiversity of herbaceous plants on the ground.In the improvement of degraded forest and grassland,the prevention and control of pika is an important link that cannot be ignored.
作者
任余艳
刘尚华
汪晓龙
塔娜
聂琴
刘坤
Ren Yuyan;Liu Shanghua;Wang Xiaolong;Tana;Nie Qin;Liu Kun(Ordos Forestry and Grassland Science lnstitute,Ordos 017000,China;Ordos Forestry and Grassland Development Center,Ordos 017000,China)
出处
《防护林科技》
2025年第5期37-40,共4页
Protection Forest Science and Technology
基金
中央财政林业和草原科技推广示范资金项目“柠条改良荒漠草原技术推广示范”(内林草科推〔2024〕08号)。
关键词
柠条建植
多样性
群落组成
Caragana intermedia plantation
diversity
community composition
