摘要
调查比较了4个早熟沙梨品种在上海市青浦区、奉贤区、金山区的生长结果情况。结果表明:青浦区梨品种的花期早于奉贤区,奉贤区早于金山区,且‘翠冠’花期早于其他品种。不同品种成熟期早晚依次为:‘沪晶梨18号’‘早生新水’‘翠冠’‘沪晶梨67号’。主干直径依次为:‘早生新水’>‘翠冠’>‘沪晶梨67号’>‘沪晶梨18号’。4个品种整体短枝数较多,且长枝数比中枝数多;短枝数平均占比依次为:‘翠冠’>‘沪晶梨18号’>‘沪晶梨67号’>‘早生新水’;长枝、中枝占比排序与短枝数占比正好相反。4个品种平均花芽数量依次为:‘翠冠’>‘沪晶梨67号’>‘沪晶梨18号’>‘早生新水’,平均产量高低排序与花芽数量顺序一致。各品种春季平均萌芽率为85%左右。整体来看,‘沪晶梨67号’和‘早生新水’高温后的返青率和萌芽率高于‘翠冠’和‘沪晶梨18号’。青浦区高垄栽培的梨秋季返青率及萌芽率低。综上,建议花粉尽早准备,果实适时采收。对于树势强的‘沪晶梨67号’和‘早生新水’,注意控旺、抑徒长,‘早生新水’应减少重剪,培养更新结果枝组,增加花芽数量;对于树势中等的‘沪晶梨18号’,要按时节供应充足肥水,增强树势。梨树最好采用高垄栽培模式,果实采收后注意树体病虫害防治等。
Four early‑ripening pear varieties were used as materials to investigate and compare their growth and fruiting conditions in Qingpu District,Fengxian District,and Jinshan District of Shanghai.The results showed that the flowering period of pear varieties in Qingpu District was earlier than that in Fengxian District,which was earlier than that in Jinshan District,and the flowering period of‘Cuiguan’was earlier than other varieties.The maturity period of different varieties was as follows:‘Hujingli 18’,‘Zaoshengxinshui’,‘Cuiguan’,‘Hujingli 67’.The diameter of the trunk was in the following order:‘Zaoshengxinshui’>‘Cuiguan’>‘Hujingli 67’>‘Hujingli 18’.The overall number of short branches was higher in the four varieties,and the number of long branches was higher than that of medium branches.The average proportion of short branches was as follows:‘Cuiguan’>‘Hujingli 18’>‘Hujingli 67’>‘Zaoshengxinshui’;The ranking of the proportion of long and medium branches was exactly opposite to the number of short branches.The average number of flower buds was as follows:‘Cuiguan’>‘Hujingli 67’>‘Hujingli 18’>‘Zaoshengxinshui’.The order of average yield was consistent with the order of flower‑bud number.The average germination rate of each variety in spring was around 85%.Overall,the regreening and germination rates of‘Hujingli 67’and‘Zaoshengxinshui’after high temperature were higher than those of‘Cuiguan’and‘Hujingli 18’.The autumn regreening rate and germination rate of pears cultivated in high ridges in Qingpu District were low.In summary,it is recommended to prepare pollen as early as possible and harvest fruits in a timely manner.For the strong trees‘Hujingli 67’and‘Zaoshengxinshui’,attention should be paid to controlling tree vigor and suppressing excessive growth.‘Zaoshengxinshui’should reduce heavy pruning,cultivate and renew fruiting branches,and increase the number of flower buds.For‘Hujingli 18’with medium tree vigor,it is necessary to supply sufficient fertilizer and water according to the season to enhance the tree vigor.It is best to adopt the high ridge cultivation mode for pear trees,and should pay attention to tree pest and disease control after fruit harvesting.
作者
王晓庆
席东
施春晖
蒋爽
奚晓军
骆军
WANG Xiaoqing;XI Dong;SHI Chunhui;JIANG Shuang;XI Xiaojun;LUO Jun(Forest and Fruit Tree Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201403,China;Qingpu District Agro‑Tech Extension Service Center,Shanghai 201799,China)
出处
《上海农业学报》
2025年第4期51-58,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Shanghai
基金
上海市科技兴农项目[沪农科推字(2019)第1-3号]。
关键词
早熟
梨品种
上海郊区
种植评价
Early‑ripening
Pear variety
Shanghai suburbs
Cultivation evaluation
