摘要
电弧熔丝增材制造由于沉积速率高、材料利用率高、成本低以及具有制造大尺寸复杂构件的能力,得到工业界和学术界的广泛关注。以镁、铝、钛等为基体的轻质合金因其密度低、比强度高、阻尼减震性能好、耐蚀性强、生物相容性好等优点,可以减轻重量,促进节能减排,在航空航天、汽车工业和医疗器械等领域有广阔的应用场景。本文综述了这几类轻质合金电弧熔丝增材制造的研究现状,重点论述了电弧熔丝增材制造工艺对其组织和性能的影响,表明电弧熔丝增材制造工艺对构件的成型精度起着至关重要的作用,且对材料有较强的敏感性,即不同轻质合金适用的最优工艺不同。同时,讨论了常用电弧增材制造构件性能的优化手段,热处理工艺可通过调控第二相类型、组织形貌等来提升综合力学性能,指出了镁、铝、钛等合金材料电弧熔丝增材制造存在的主要问题及发展方向,对于轻质合金电弧熔丝增材制造技术的快速发展有一定促进作用。
Due to the high deposition rate,high material utilization rate,low cost and the capability of large-scale complex components manufacturing,wire-arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has attracted more and more attention from industry and academia.Light⁃weight alloys based on magnesium,aluminum and titanium can reduce weight,and promote energy conservation and emission reduc⁃tion,due to their advantages of low density,high specific strength,good shock absorption performance,strong corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility.They have broad application scenarios in aerospace,automotive industry and medical equipment.In this paper,the research status of WAAM of these light alloys was reviewed,and the influences of WAAM process on microstructure and properties of materials were emphatically discussed.It was shown that WAAM process played an important role in the forming accuracy of the components,and had a strong sensitivity to the material,that is,the optimal process suitable for different light alloys was different.At the same time,the commonly used performance optimization methods of WAAM components were discussed.The heat treatment pro⁃cess can improve the comprehensive mechanical properties by regulating the second phase type and microstructure morphology.The main problems and development direction of WAAM of magnesium,aluminum,titanium and other alloy materials were pointed out,which can promote the rapid development of WAAM technology of light alloy.
作者
杨光
王旌至
刘蒙蒙
马振铎
田权伟
冯靖凯
寿好阁
张鹏飞
YANG Guang;WANG Jingzhi;LIU Mengmeng;MA Zhenduo;TIAN Quanwei;FENG Jingkai;SHOU Haoge;ZHANG Pengfei(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,China;Xi’an Rare Metal Materials Institute Co.Ltd,Xi’an 710016,China;School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engi-neering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China;College of Intelligent Manufacturing,Huang-huai University,Zhumadian 463000,China)
出处
《铜业工程》
2025年第4期109-119,共11页
Copper Engineering
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024GX-YBXM-227)
秦创原引用高层次创新创业人才项目(QCYRCXM-2022-290,QCYR?CXM-2023-134)
陕西省青年基金项目(2023-JC-QN-0619)资助。
关键词
电弧熔丝增材制造
轻质合金
成型质量
综合性能
后处理工艺
wire-arc additive manufacturing
light alloy
forming quality
comprehensive performance
postprocessing
