摘要
五轴3D打印设备可以实现多曲率变化的复杂曲面模型打印,在航空航天领域具有重大作用,其标定是保证打印精度的重要环节。为了对五轴3D打印设备进行快速标定并提高其打印精度,提出一种利用标定物的五轴3D打印设备标定方法。基于旋量理论建立五轴3D打印设备机床坐标系和工件坐标系变换模型,给出待标定量。设计一种包含5枚标定球的标定物,结合球心最小二乘拟合法获得机床坐标系下标定球球心的坐标。基于标定坐标系和机床坐标系的变换关系建立方程,对直线轴进行标定,基于平面法向量求解和圆的最小二乘拟合法对旋转轴进行标定。根据标定结果进行3D打印试验。由点云拟合分析结果可知,相较于标定前,标定后五轴3D打印设备打印的样件平均偏差降低了91.3%,打印精度显著提高。
Five-axis 3D printing equipment enables the printing of complex curved surfaces with varying curvatures,playing a significant role in the aerospace industry.Calibration is a crucial step in ensuring printing accuracy of such equipment.To achieve rapid calibration of five-axis 3D printing equipment and improve its printing precision,a calibration method utilizing a calibration object is proposed.Based on screw theory,a transformation model between the machine tool coordinate system and workpiece coordinate system of the five-axis 3D printing equipment is established,and the quantities to be calibrated are determined.A calibration object containing five calibration spheres is designed,and coordinates of the calibration spheres’centers in the machine tool coordinate system are obtained using the least squares fitting method for sphere centers.An equation for calibrating the linear axes is established based on transformation relationship between the calibration coordinate system and machine tool coordinate system,while the rotational axes are calibrated using plane normal vector solving and the least squares fitting method for circles.3D printing experiments are conducted based on the calibration results afterwards.Point cloud fitting analysis reveals that the average deviation of the printed samples by the five-axis 3D printing equipment after calibration reduced by 91.3%compared with before,significantly enhancing printing accuracy.
作者
陈泓宇
戴宁
王宏涛
CHEN Hongyu;DAI Ning;WANG Hongtao(College of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)
出处
《航空制造技术》
北大核心
2025年第15期113-120,共8页
Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金(52275255)。
关键词
五轴3D打印
标定
旋量
最小二乘法
点云拟合
Five-axis 3D printing
Calibration
Screw
Least squares method
Point cloud fitting
