摘要
鉴于当前生态产品机制与路径尚不完善,存在溢价效应低、价值转化效率低下的问题,文章以河北喀斯特面积占比大于10%的35个地区为例,结合本地化数据核算生态系统生产总值(GEP),并在核算GEP的基础上,评估生态产品价值转化率,分析其影响因素,基于价值转化率的角度,提出提高生态产品价值实现的机制与路径建议。结果表明:研究区2022年GEP为6028.22亿元,价值转化量为2172.11亿元,转化率为36.03%,物质产品和文化服务产品贡献了35.2%的价值转化率,是目前最有效的生态产品,而调节服务贡献了0.83%的价值转化率。这揭示河北喀斯特地区存在生态系统机制脆弱、保障机制不完善和实现路径单一等问题,据此提出差异化改进策略:在机制层面建议完善基础保障、建立长效激励和强化生态保护修复;在路径层面提出政府主导、市场驱动及政市协同的三元模式。
The karst ecological environment is characterized by fragility,sensitivity,vulnerability,heterogeneity,and limited natural regenerative capacity.The ecosystem formed through karst ecological restoration and conservation provides essential ecological products(eco-products)for human beings.Realizing the value of these products is an important initiative for addressing human-land conflicts in fragile environments,sustaining the benefits of ecological restoration,promoting the sustainable development of poverty alleviation efforts,and practicing the principle that"lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets".Hebei Province,which surrounds Beijing and Tianjin,is characterized by high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast,with a variety of landforms.Two major mountain ranges,the Yanshan Mountains and the Taihang Mountains,cover 48.1%of the total area of the province.China is implementing restoration and protection projects for karst forest ecosystems through the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program.These ecosystems are ecologically significant,as they contribute to the conservation of water,soil,and biodiversity.They serve as primary providers of eco-products and form a crucial ecological security barrier for the North China Plain.Recognizing the intrinsic value of eco-products in this region is essential,as it will act as a key driver for transforming green mountains into invaluable assets in the karst ecologically fragile areas-an approach that reflects distinctive Chinese and Hebei characteristics.Therefore,given the unique features of the karst terrain in Hebei,it is imperative to assess the value of eco-products based on localized data.This approach will enhance the realization of their value and optimize transformation rates in response to environmental heterogeneity and other factors.This study holds significant academic and reference values for Hebei and even the broader northern karst regions.In the karst regions of Hebei,the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program has implemented large-scale karst ecological restoration and protection efforts,but raising critical questions:Can these ecosystems further optimize their service functions?Can they provide additional high-quality eco-products to meet people’s growing need for a beautiful environment?Can green mountains be effectively transformed into invaluable assets?The chain process of karst eco-products valuation,value transformation,and the value realization mechanisms and pathways becomes the key scientific challenge underlying the technical bottlenecks that must be addressed in this region.The realization of the value of eco-products refers to the process of transforming their ecological value into economic profits through the rational development and utilization of eco-products under the premise of maintaining ecosystem stability and integrity.The mechanisms for realizing the value of eco-products include policy,market and technology approaches to promote the value realization.The total economic value of eco-products transformed through various pathways is termed the amount of value transformed.Addressing the shortcomings of the existing eco-product mechanisms and pathways-such as low premium effects and inefficient value transformation-this study employs 35 regions in Hebei with the karst area exceeding 10%of the total area as a case study.Based on localized data accounting,it calculates the Gross Ecological Product(GEP)and evaluates the value transformation rate of eco-products.By analyzing influencing factors from the perspective of value transformation efficiency,this study proposes mechanisms and pathways to enhance the realization of eco-product value.The results show that the GEP of karst regions in Hebei in 2022 was 602.822 billion yuan,the value transformed from eco-products was 217.211 billion yuan,and the value transformation rate is about 36.03%.Material products and cultural service products contributed 35.21%of the value transformation rate,representing the most effective eco-products in the karst regions of Hebei,while regulating services contributed only 0.83%.The study reveals the existence of fragile ecosystem mechanisms,imperfect safeguard mechanisms,and a limited range of realization pathways in the karst regions of Hebei.Accordingly,differentiated improvement strategies are proposed:at the mechanism level,it is suggested to strengthen ecological protection and restoration,improve basic security and establish long-term incentives;at the level of implementation pathway,a trigram model encompassing government leadership,market-driven mechanisms,and government-market coordination should be introduced.
作者
张俞
付玥
熊康宁
颜佳旺
张泽富
宁友泽
郑鹏
ZHANG Yu;FU Yue;XIONG Kangning;YAN Jiawang;ZHANG Zefu;NING Youze;ZHENG Peng(Tangshan Key Laboratory of Urban Ecosystem Simulation/Department of Resource Management,Tangshan Normal University,Tangshan,Hebei 063000,China;State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control/School of Karst Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)
出处
《中国岩溶》
北大核心
2025年第3期572-586,共15页
Carsologica Sinica
基金
河北省社科发展研究课题(20230302024)
唐山师范学院科研项目(20266130055)
全国高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(D17016)。
关键词
生态产品
价值核算
价值转化率
实现机制和路径
北方喀斯特
ecological product
value accounting
value transformation rate
implementation mechanism and pathway
karst in North China
