摘要
本文旨在研究冀北接坝地区典型泌乳牛舍环境状况,指导该地区泌乳牛舍建设。选择承德市丰宁县3类典型泌乳奶牛舍,对四季各舍内温度、相对湿度、风速、屋顶温度、地面温度及PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NH_(3)、CO_(2)和细菌含量以及光照、噪音强度等环境参数进行了检测和分析。研究发现,冬季舍内温度、屋顶温度、地面温度、舍内PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NH_(3)、空气中细菌含量均为舍3>舍2>舍1(P<0.05);夏季、冬季舍内相对湿度、温湿指数均为舍3>舍2>舍1(P<0.05);各季节舍内CO_(2)含量均为舍3>舍2>舍1(P<0.05);各季节风速、噪音强度、灯光光照强度在各舍间均无显著差异(P>0.05);各季节舍内自然光照强度均为舍3最低(P<0.05),舍1和舍2差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,接坝地区泌乳牛舍夏季奶牛遭受一定程度热应激,冬季不受冷应激影响。舍1建筑形式更利于通风换气,舍内空气质量状况相对最优;舍3建筑形式更利于冬季保温,舍内空气质量状况相对最差;舍2居中。冀北接坝地区泌乳牛舍的设计改造时应兼顾夏季的防暑降温和冬季的通风换气。
The purpose of this study is to study the environmental conditions of typical lactation cowhouses in northern Hebei Jieba area and guide the construction of lactation cowhouses in the region.Three typical lactation cowhouses in Fengning County,Chengde City were selected to test the environmental parameters such as temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,roof temperature,ground temperature,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NH_(3),CO_(2)and bacterial content,as well as light and noise intensity in each house in the four seasons.The study found that the temperature,roof temperature,floor temperature,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NH_(3),and bacterial content in winter in the houses were all cowhouse 3>cowhouse 2>cowhouse 1(P<0.05).In summer and winter,the relative Humidity and temperature and humidity index were both cowhouse 3>cowhouse 2>cowhouse1(P<0.05),the CO_(2)content in each season was cowhouse 3>cowhouse 2>cowhouse 1(P<0.05),the wind speed and noise intensity of each seasonwere cowhouse 3>cowhouse 2>cowhouse 1(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the light intensity among the cowhouses(P>0.05).The natural light intensity in cowhouse 3 in each season was the lowest(P<0.05),and the difference between the cowhouses 1 and 2 was not significant(P>0.05).The results showed that dairy cows in the lactation cowhouses in the Jieba area suffered from a certain degree of heat stress in summer and were not affected by cold stress in winter.The building form of the house 1 was more conducive to ventilation and ventilation,and the air quality in the house 1 was relatively optimal,the building form of the house 3 was more conducive to heat insulation in winter,and the air quality in the house 3 was relatively worst,the building 2 was in the middle.The design and renovation of lactation cow houses innorthern Hebei Jieba area should take into account both the prevention of heatstroke in summer and the ventilation in winter.
作者
周英昊
许翊冉
谭美姝
毛森
张洪伟
宋连杰
ZHOU Ying-hao;XU Yi-ran;TAN Mei-shu;MAO Sen;ZHANG Hong-wei;SONG Lian-jie(Chengde Academy Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Hebei Province,Chengde 067000)
出处
《中国奶牛》
2025年第8期47-51,共5页
China Dairy Cattle
基金
河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(HBCT2023180205)
承德市科技计划项目(202402A052)。
关键词
冀北
接坝地区
泌乳牛舍
环境参数
North Hebei
Jieba area
Lactation cowhouse
Environmental parameters
