摘要
漂浮式风机是一种借助漂浮式基础使整个风电机组漂浮于水面之上,通过系泊系统锚固在海床的风力发电机组。因其突破了水深限制,具备在远离岸边、水深较深的海域安装和运行的优势,在海上风电领域发挥着日益重要的作用。为进一步推动漂浮式风电技术的发展,该文梳理了漂浮式风电技术的发展现状,剖析了当前漂浮式风电面临的一些瓶颈问题;在此基础上,着重阐述了目前全球单体容量最大漂浮式风电平台“明阳天成号”所采用的多项创新技术,包括预应力超高强度混凝土技术、复合材料轻量化浮筒设计和建造技术、智能感知协同控制技术、单点系泊技术、双风轮技术、抗台风技术等,体现了中国在漂浮式风电设计、建造、安装、监测等一系列技术上具备的新质生产力,以期为未来漂浮式风电技术的设计优化提供实际工程借鉴和参考。
[Significance]Floating wind turbines(FWTs),as a revolutionary breakthrough in offshore renewable energy technology,are redefining the boundaries of human development of ocean energy with innovative technological solutions.With the collaborative innovation of floating foundations and dynamic anchoring systems,this technology has successfully broken through the limitations of traditional fixed wind turbines on water depth,expanding the scope of wind power development to deep-sea and high wind speed resource rich areas.Compared to offshore fixed wind turbines,FWTs not only significantly reduce marine ecological disturbances,but also provide a dual solution for global energy transformation that combines environmental friendliness and production efficiency through the potential for large-scale cluster deployment.This article systematically reviews the current development status of floating wind power technology and deeply analyzes the core pain points that constrain its commercialization process,including key technical challenges such as dynamic response control,mooring system durability,and life cycle cost optimization.Of particular note is the milestone breakthrough achieved by China's innovation forces in this field-the“Mingyang-Tiancheng”floating platform,as the world's largest single unit capacity floating wind turbine system,has opened up a new paradigm for the development of far-reaching offshore wind power and provided important technical references for the global iteration of floating wind power technology.[Progress]Globally,floating wind power projects represented by Hywind(Spar)and WindFloat(semi-submersible)have completed the transition from experimental prototypes to small-scale commercial applications,and their technological level and industrial chain layout are in a world leading position.In contrast,China's floating wind power is still in the demonstration and verification stage,represented by the 5.5 MW(2021)and 7.25 MW(2023)units of the“Yinlinghao”and“Guanlanhao”.Although key technological breakthroughs have been achieved,the maturity of technology and the construction of supporting industrial chains still need to be improved.Currently facing three development bottlenecks:at the economic level,floating wind power technology is not yet mature,research and application costs are high,and it is still far from achieving the goal of grid parity;In terms of environmental constraints,the special working conditions in typhoon prone areas require higher adaptability of the units;At the level of industrial synergy,an industrial cluster effect covering design,manufacturing,and operation and maintenance has not yet been formed.Therefore,it is urgent to promote technological innovation to drive the development of related industrial chains,gradually reduce development costs,and achieve large-scale commercial applications.At the same time,it is necessary to promote the coordinated upgrading of offshore wind power equipment manufacturing and marine engineering industry,build a full life cycle cost control system,and lay a technical and economic foundation for large-scale commercial applications.[Conclusions and Prospects]In order to address these challenges,the“Mingyang-Tiancheng”floating wind power platform has made innovative breakthroughs in areas such as prestressed high-strength concrete technology,composite lightweight buoy design and construction technology,intelligent perception collaborative control technology,single point mooring technology,dual wind turbine technology,and typhoon resistance technology,reflecting China's emerging leadership position in floating wind technology.It combines material science breakthroughs,intelligent control systems,and ecological design principles.Future progress will require sustained interdisciplinary collaboration and accelerated global deployment through industrialization to reduce costs.The“Mingyang-Tiancheng”provides valuable practical experience and technical reference for the future development of floating wind power.
作者
邹荔兵
周名军
王超
郑向远
苏邹端
李俊威
ZOU Libing;ZHOU Mingjun;WANG Chao;ZHENG Xiangyuan;SU Zouduan;LI Junwei(Mingyang Smart Energy Group Co.,Ltd.Wind Energy Research Institute,Zhongshan 528437,China;Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen 518055,China;Institute of Ocean Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第8期1377-1386,共10页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFB1507101)
2022年度中山市重大科技专项(220630104408405)
清华大学深圳国际研究生院团队项目(TD2024-05)。
关键词
明阳天成号
漂浮式风机
预应力超高强度混凝土
双风轮
Mingyang-Tiancheng
floating wind turbine
prestressed ultra-high strength concrete
twin wind turbines
