摘要
在高肥力菜地土壤上确定合理的硝化抑制剂添加量,对提高氮肥利用效率,减少氮流失和温室气体排放具有重要意义。本文以洱海周边长期种植蔬菜的土壤为对象,添加常规施氮量(300 kg·hm^(-2))0.5%、1%、3%、5%和10%的硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP),通过室内培养试验,研究培养过程中不同形态氮浓度变化和N_(2)O排放。结果表明:与对照处理(CK)相比,添加DMPP使得铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)在菜地土壤中滞留时间延长至10~15 d,降低了10.87%~16.21%的硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)和42.13%~52.99%的亚硝态氮(NO^(-)_(2)-N)含量,但不同添加量DMPP处理间差异不显著。添加DMPP降低了菜地土壤净氮矿化速率、净氮硝化速率和净氨化速率,但对净同化速率无显著影响。添加DMPP降低了菜地土壤N_(2)O排放通量和N_(2)O累积排放量,二者分别下降了40.77%~45.32%和49.06%~56.96%,但不同添加量DMPP处理的土壤N_(2)O排放量差异不显著。添加DMPP显著降低了土壤AOB和Comammox基因丰度,二者分别下降了48.43%~67.90%和21.82%~47.27%,随着DMPP浓度的增加其抑制效果呈现出先减弱后增强的变化趋势。添加DMPP促进了土壤AOA基因丰度,其增幅为55.61%~163.16%,随DMPP浓度的增加其促进作用更加显著。因此,添加DMPP有效抑制了NH_(4)^(+)-N向NO_(3)^(-)-N和NO^(-)_(2)-N的转化,降低了土壤氮转化速率,但对土壤氮净同化速率无显著影响。同时,添加DMPP显著降低了土壤AOB基因丰度,促使N_(2)O排放量减少,因此是N_(2)O减排的有效措施。基于培养期间的抑制效果,高肥力菜地土壤中添加施氮量为1%的DMPP是经济可行的措施。
Determining reasonable the amount of nitrification inhibitor added in high fertility vegetable soil is of great significance for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,reducing nitrogen loss,and greenhouse gas emissions.Taking the long-term vegetable planting soil around Erhai Lake as the object,3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)with conventional nitrogen application rate(300 kg·hm^(-2))of 0.5%,1%,3%,5%and 10%was added to study the changes of different forms of nitrogen concentration and N_(2)O emission process during the cultivation process through indoor culture experiment.The results showed that compared with the control treatment(CK),the addition of DMPP prolonged the retention time of ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)in vegetable soil to 10-15 days,reducing the content of nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)by 10.87%-16.21%and nitrite nitrogen(NO^(-)_(2)-N)by 42.13%-52.99%.There was no significant difference between DMPP treatments with different dosages.The addition of DMPP reduced the net nitrogen mineralization rate,net nitrogen nitrification rate,and net ammonification rate of vegetable soil,but had no significant effect on the net assimilation rate.The addition of DMPP reduced the N_(2)O emission flux and cumulative N_(2)O emissions in vegetable soil,by 40.77%-45.32%and 49.06%-56.96%,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in soil N_(2)O emissions among treatments with different amounts of DMPP.The addition of DMPP significantly reduced the abundance of soil AOB and Comammox genes,decreasing by 48.43%-67.90%and 21.82%-47.27%,respectively.As the concentration of DMPP increased,its inhibitory effect showed a trend of first weakening and then strengthening.The addition of DMPP promoted the abundance of soil AOA genes,with an increase of 55.61%-163.16%.The promotion effect became more significant with the increase of DMPP concentration.Therefore,the addition of DMPP effectively inhibited the conversion of NH_(4)^(+)-N to NO_(3)^(-)-N and NO^(-)_(2)-N,reduced the rate of soil nitrogen conversion,but had no significant effect on the net assimilation rate of soil nitrogen.At the same time,the addition of DMPP significantly reduced the abundance of soil AOB genes and promoted a decrease in N_(2)O emissions,which is an effective measure for N_(2)O emission reduction.Based on the inhibitory effect during cultivation,adding DMPP with a nitrogen application rate of 1%to high fertility vegetable soil is an economically feasible measure.
作者
岩双
闫辉
王炽
蒋存征
李文明
陈安强
张丹
YAN Shuang;YAN Hui;WANG Chi;JIANG Cunzheng;LI Wenming;CHEN Anqiang;ZHANG Dan(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Agricultural Environment Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650201,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
北大核心
2025年第7期1943-1954,共12页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
云南省兴滇英才项目(202305AS350013)。
关键词
硝化抑制剂
土壤氮转化速率
N_(2)O排放
氨氧化微生物
nitrification inhibitor
soil nitrogen transformation rate
N_(2)O emission
ammonia oxidizing microorganism
