摘要
为探究减氮配施腐植酸对海岛棉植株及土壤养分的影响,于2022—2023年,采用单因素随机区组试验,以海岛棉“新78”为材料,设置不施氮(CK)、正常施氮600 kg·hm^(−2)(OF_(1))、减量施氮300 kg·hm^(−2)(OF_(2))、减量施氮300 kg·hm^(−2)+腐植酸150 kg·hm^(−2)(OF_(3))、施腐植酸300 kg·hm^(−2)(OF_(4))5个处理,分析减氮及配施腐植酸对海岛棉植株干物质积累、氮磷钾积累和分配、棉田土壤养分及产量品质的影响。结果表明,减氮配施腐植酸能有效促进海岛棉干物质积累并优化分配,其中OF_(3)干物质积累量最高,两年平均较CK、OF_(2)、OF_(4)分别显著提高27.58%、19.81%、12.99%,与OF_(1)无显著差异。OF_(3)可有效促进养分向生殖器官转运,其分配比例随生育期推进逐渐增加。减氮配施腐植酸可显著提升海岛棉植株全氮、全磷、全钾积累量,并促进氮磷钾积累向生殖器官分配。花铃期和吐絮期,OF_(3)植株全氮、全磷、全钾的积累量显著高于CK,虽然全氮积累量略低于OF_(1),但差异不显著。与单纯减氮处理相比,减氮配施腐植酸可显著增加土壤有机质和碱解氮含量。花铃期和吐絮期,土壤有机质含量以OF_(4)最高,OF_(3)次之;土壤碱解氮含量以OF_(1)最高,OF_(3)次之;土壤速效磷、速效钾含量OF_(3)最高,OF_(4)次之。此外,减氮配施腐植酸不仅能提高海岛棉产量,还能使海岛棉纤维品质保持较高水平。两年试验中,OF_(3)平均籽棉产量达6581.15 kg·hm^(−2),较CK、OF_(1)、OF_(2)、OF_(4)分别提高36.91%、4.36%、11.57%、18.85%;平均断裂比强度较CK、OF_(2)、OF_(4)分别提高3.35%、1.31%、3.79%;平均马克隆值较CK、OF_(2)、OF_(4)分别改善8.75%、2.23%、8.37%,且OF_(3)与OF_(1)的各项纤维指标无显著差异。因此,在新疆海岛棉主产区生产中采用施氮300 kg·hm^(−2)+腐植酸150 kg·hm^(−2)的施肥策略,可显著提高海岛棉植株氮磷钾积累量、土壤有机质和速效氮含量、籽棉产量,实现氮肥高效利用和产量提升的双重目标。
To investigate the effects of nitrogen reduction with humic acid application on island cotton plants and soil nutrients,in 2022−2023,a one-factor randomized block trial was conducted with island cotton‘New 78’as the material.Five treatments were set up,namely,no nitrogen application(CK),normal nitrogen application of 600 kg·hm^(−2)(OF_(1)),reduced nitrogen application of 50%(300 kg·hm^(−2),OF_(2)),and reduced nitrogen application of 300 kg·hm^(−2)+humic acid 150 kg·hm^(−2)(OF_(3)),and humic acid 300 kg·hm^(−2)(OF_(4)).The effects of nitrogen reduction and humic acid on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation and distribution,soil nutrients and yield quality of island cotton plants were analyzed.The results showed that reduced nitrogen application combined with humic acid effectively promoted dry matter accumulation and optimized dry matter distribution in island cotton.Among them,OF_(3)exhibited the highest dry matter accumulation,with a two-year average significantly higher than that of CK,OF_(2),and OF_(4)by 27.58%,19.81%,and 12.99%,respectively,while showing no significant difference compared with OF_(1).OF_(3)effectively promoted the transport of nutrients to the reproductive organs and the distribution proportion gradually increased as the growth period progressed.Nitrogen reduction and humic acid application significantly increased the accumulation of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium in island cotton plants and promoted the allocation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium to the reproductive organs.At the flowering and boll period and boll open period,the accumulations of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium in OF_(3)-treated plants were significantly higher than those in CK.However,the accumulations of total nitrogen were slightly lower than those in OF_(1),and the differences were not significant.Nitrogen reduction with humic acid significantly increased soil organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content.During the flowering and boll period and boll open period,soil organic matter content was highest in OF_(4)and second highest in OF_(3).Soil alkaline nitrogen content was highest in OF_(1)and second highest in OF_(3).Soil available phosphorus and available potassium content were highest in OF_(3)and second highest in OF_(4).In addition,nitrogen reduction with humic acid not only improved the yield of island cotton but also maintained the fiber quality of island cotton at a high level.In the two-year experiment,the average seed cotton yield of OF_(3)reached 6581.15 kg·hm^(−2),which was 36.91%,4.36%,11.57%,and 18.85%higher than that of CK,OF_(1),OF_(2),and OF_(4),respectively.The average breaking tenacity improved by 3.35%,1.31%,and 3.79%compared to CK,OF_(2),and OF_(4),respectively.The average micronaire value was improved by 8.75%,2.23%,and 8.37%compared with CK,OF_(2),and OF_(4),respectively.There was no significant difference in all fiber quality parameters between OF_(3)and OF_(1).Therefore,the fertilization strategy of applying 300 kg·hm^(−2)of nitrogen+150 kg·hm^(−2)of humic acid in the production of the main production area of island cotton in Xinjiang could significantly increase the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation of island cotton plants,improve the content of soil organic matter and quick-acting nitrogen,and obtain a higher seed cotton yield to achieve the dual aims of efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer and yield enhancement.
作者
周杰闻
汤秋香
林涛
张娜
王亮
田立文
郭仁松
崔建平
ZHOU Jiewen;TANG Qiuxiang;LIN Tao;ZHANG Na;WANG Liang;TIAN Liwen;GUO Rensong;CUI Jianping(Cotton Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》
北大核心
2025年第8期1541-1551,共11页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
自治区棉花产业技术体系阿瓦提长绒棉综合试验站项目(XIARS-03)
新疆农业科学院自主培育专项(xjnkyzzp-2022002)
国家棉花产业技术体系岗位科学家水分管理岗位(CARS-15-13)资助。
关键词
海岛棉
减氮
腐植酸
养分吸收利用
新疆
island cotton
nitrogen reduction
humic acid
nutrient absorption and utilization
Xinjiang
