摘要
随着矿山开采深度的不断增加,顶板稳定性问题及失稳灾害风险增大,对矿山顶板健康状态的诊断、监测预警和灾害防控显得尤为重要。系统总结了团队多年来的研究成果及进展,建立了采矿活动引起的多类多震源全自动识别理论,提出了多中段、多采场复杂开采环境中无需预先测速的震源定位理论与方法,建立了变“噪”为“用”的波速场反演快速成像方法,自主研发了地声智能感知监测传感器、采集仪与数据动态处理系统,开发了协同数据感知-信息处理-智能预警为一体的地声智能感知与微震监测全套技术装备。在此基础上,建立了矿山顶板岩体失稳的多指标联合预警理论与方法,构建了基于岩体损伤与围岩体动态响应的分区支护防控方法,相关技术与装备在国内20余个矿山进行了应用,多次成功预警了矿山顶板垮塌等灾害,为设备与人员快速安全撤离争取了宝贵时间。研究成果提升了顶板健康监测与失稳灾害防控的整体效能,为深部矿山的安全高效开采提供了理论支撑和技术手段。
With the continuous increase in mining depth,the risks associated with roof instability have becomemore prominent,where the diagnosis,monitoring,early warning and prevention of roof-related hazards arecritically important.A theoretical framework has been established for the fully-automated recognition of multipleseismic sources induced by mining activities.A novel source localization method,applicable to multi-level andmulti-stope environments,has been proposed,which eliminates the requirement for pre-measured wave velocities.Additionally,a rapid wave velocity imaging technique has been developed,which transforms seismic noise intousable signals through velocity field inversion.A series of proprietary technologies have been developed,including intelligent acoustic emission sensors,data acquisition instruments,and a real-time data processingsystem.These components have been integrated into a comprehensive technical solution for intelligent acoustic perception and microseismic monitoring,incorporating collaborative sensing,information processing,andintelligent early warning.Furthermore,a multi-index joint early warning methodology for rock mass instability inroof strata has been proposed,along with a partitioned support and prevention strategy based on rock massdamage and dynamic responses of surrounding rock.These technologies have been successfully applied in over20 domestic mining enterprises,providing early warnings of roof collapses and other hazards on multipleoccasions,and enabling timely and safe evacuation of personnel and equipment.The research outcomes havesignificantly enhanced the overall effectiveness of roof stability monitoring and disaster prevention.
作者
董陇军
郝晨良
孙道元
张义涵
闫先航
王加闯
裴重伟
DONG Longjun;HAO Chenliang;SUN Daoyuan;ZHANG Yihan;YAN Xianhang;WANG Jiachuang;PEI Zhongwei(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)
出处
《采矿与岩层控制工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期1-27,共27页
Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering
基金
国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(52425403)
湖南省研究生科研创新资助项目(CX20230168)。
关键词
矿山
顶板灾害
地声监测
监测预警
灾害防控
mine
roof hazard
geosound monitoring
early warning
roof hazard prevention and control
