摘要
盾构法是地铁隧道施工应用最广泛的工法,地铁盾构施工事故时有发生,为清晰了解地铁施工中常见的盾构施工事故的特征规律和基本原因,提升现场施工安全管理认识和效能,本文收集了1997—2022年的76起地铁盾构土建施工相关事故,先采用统计分析法对事故类别、事故等级等5个事故特征进行统计,再将事故类别与伤亡人数、施工阶段和事故发生时间段3个特征进行关联,最后以车辆伤害和坍塌两类主要事故为例进行了事故原因风险因素分析。分析发现,盾构施工生产安全事故常见的事故类别有11类,约80%集中在车辆伤害、坍塌等4类事故,多重复发生于电瓶车水平运输、开仓作业等8种工序,事故发生原因可归类为作业人员、机械设备、制度监管和作业环境4个方面且具有较高的相似性。研究旨在提升人们对盾构施工事故的总体认识,宏观上把握盾构施工常见11类事故的发生频次占比、伤亡损失、发生时间分布等基本规律,并为现场施工安全管理实践提供借鉴。
There are generally three construction methods commonly used in subway tunnels:open cut method,mining method,and shield tunneling method.Because of the unique advantages of shield tunneling method in urban construction,shield tunneling method is the most widely used construction method for subway tunnels.Due to the complex hydrogeological conditions and high uncertainty and difficulty of shield tunneling construction,multiple construction risks are superimposed,resulting in frequent subway shield tunneling construction accidents.In order to have a clear understanding of the characteristics and basic causes of common shield tunneling construction accidents in subway construction,and to improve the understanding and efficiency of on-site construction safety management,this paper collected 76 subway shield tunneling civil construction related accidents from 1997 to 2022.Firstly,statistical analysis was used to statistically analyze the five accident characteristics of accident category,accident grade,accident occurrence stage,accident occurrence time and accident occurrence operation process.Secondly,the accident category was associated with three characteristics:number of casualties,construction stage,and accident occurrence time period.Finally,vehicle injury and collapse were used as examples to analyze the risk factors of accident causes.Through analysis,it is found that there are 11 common types of accidents in shield construction production safety accidents,about 80%of which are concentrated in four types of accidents:vehicle injuries,collapses,mechanical injuries,and object strikes.These accidents often occur repeatedly in eight processes:horizontal transportation,vertical transportation,opening operation,propulsion operation,segment assembly operation,dredging and cleaning equipment,shield machine receiving,contact channel excavation and initial support.The causes of accidents can be classified into four aspects:operators,mechanical equipment,institutional supervision,and working environment,which have high similarity.The research findings of this paper not only help to improve people's overall understanding of shield construction accidents,but also grasp the basic laws of the frequency proportion,casualty loss and time distribution of 11 common types of accidents in shield construction on a macro level.It can also provide some enlightenment and guidance for the safety management practice of on-site construction.For example,in the field construction,the supervision of eight key construction processes such as horizontal transportation,opening operation and propulsion operation of battery car should be strengthened,so as to avoid the occurrence of four types of accidents,such as vehicle injury,collapse,mechanical injury and object strike,so as to avoid 80%of the accidents.In addition,the research in this paper is limited to objective conditions and only collects 76 accidents related to shield tunneling civil construction.However,from the reality,the number of shield tunneling production safety accidents is far more than that.The acquisition of these data requires the help of the government and enterprises.It is hoped that in the future,a subway construction accident case library with sufficient sample size and reliable quality of accident investigation reports can be established for scholars and subway construction practitioners to study and use,so as to formulate more targeted subway construction safety risk control measures.
作者
王鹏飞
朱建明
黄钧
刘小铭
WANG Pengfei;ZHU Jianming;HUANG Jun;LIU Xiaoming(School of Engineering Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(72074203)。
关键词
地铁隧道
盾构施工
地铁事故
统计分析
事故特征
事故原因
subway tunnel
shield construction
subway accident
statistical analysis
accident characteristics
accident reason
