摘要
【目的】为解决玉米种植中药肥分施导致的作业频次高、劳动强度大等问题,开发一种集营养供给与害虫防控于一体的药肥产品,实现“施药施肥同步化”目标。【方法】配制12%氨基酸水溶肥和1%溴氰虫酰胺药肥,以鲜食玉米品种‘粤甜28号’为试验材料,在广州、东莞两地采用田间小区试验,设置单施12%氨基酸水溶肥(A1)、12%氨基酸+1%溴氰虫酰胺药肥(A2)、单施10%溴氰虫酰胺(A3)、清水(CK)4个处理,于玉米四叶一心期进行灌根处理,定期调查各处理草地贪夜蛾为害情况,30d后测定玉米植株生长情况。【结果】在株高、叶长、叶宽、茎粗方面,广东、东莞两地均表现为A1≈A2>CK≈A3,其中茎粗增幅最为显著:与CK相比,广州试验区A1处理茎粗增幅高达46.4%,东莞试验区A1和A2处理茎粗增幅分别为28.6%和31.3%。A2处理在促进玉米生物量积累方面优势明显,除广州试验区地下部干质量外,玉米地上部和地下部鲜质量与干质量均显著高于CK和A3处理。在根系指标方面,A2处理在多数指标上与A1处理无显著差异,且各项根系指标均优于CK和A3处理,提升幅度分别为7.8%~57.6%(广州)、1.4.0%~30.5%(东莞)。防效表现上,A2处理较A3处理防效提高6.5%~31.2%(广州)和4.5%~19.4%(东莞),A2处理两地防效最高值分别达96.3%和98.2%,药后20 d防效依然超过50%,药效持续时间长。【结论】12%氨基酸+1%溴氰虫酰胺药肥可提高玉米主要生长指标,同时还提高溴氰虫酰胺药剂对草地贪夜蛾防效,能有效控制草地贪夜蛾发生,为玉米轻简化栽培及草地贪夜蛾绿色防控提供实质性参考。
【Objective】To address the challenges of frequent field operations and intensive labor demands caused by separate fertilizer and pesticide applications in maize cultivation,this study developed an integrated pesticide-fertilizer formulation combining nutrient delivery and pest management functions,aiming to achieve synchronized agrochemical application through a single operational procedure.【Method】A 12%amino acid and 1%cyantraniliprole pesticide-fertilizer solution was prepared;Using the fresh-eating maize variety‘Yuetian 28’as test material,field plot trials were conducted in Guangzhou and Dongguan with four treatments:sole application of 12%amino acid water-soluble fertilizer(A1);application of 12%amino acids+1%cyantraniliprole pesticide-fertiliser(A2);sole application of 10%cyantraniliprole OD(A3);clear water control(CK).Root drenching was performed during the four-leaf stage of maize.The damage caused by Spodoptera frugiperda was regularly investigated under each treatment condition,and the growth of maize was measured 30 days later.【Result】In terms of plant height,leaf length,leaf width,and stem diameter,the results showed that A1≈A2>CK≈A3,with the most significant increase in stem diameter:in the Guangzhou test area,A1 treatment group had a 46.4%increase in stem diameter compared to CK.In the Dongguan experimental area,the stem diameter of A1 treatment group and A2 treatment group increased by 28.6%and 31.3%respectively compared with the CK group.A2 treatment also had advantages in promoting maize biomass accumulation.Except for the underground dry weight in the Guangzhou test area,the fresh weight and dry weight of the above-ground and underground parts of maize were significantly higher than those of the CK and A3 treatment group.In terms of root system metrics,there was no significant difference between the A2 treatment group and A1 treatment group in most indicators.A2 treatment group outperformed the CK and A3 treatment group in all root indicators in all test areas,with increases ranging from 7.8%to 57.6%(Guangzhou)and 1.4%to 30.5%(Dongguan).In terms of prevention effectiveness,A2 treatment group showed a 6.5%to 31.2%(Guangzhou)and 4.5%to 19.4%(Dongguan)increase in prevention effectiveness compared to A3 treatment group.The maximum prevention effectiveness of A2 treatment group reached 96.3%and 98.2%in the two locations,respectively,and the prevention effectiveness remained above 50%after 20 days,demonstrating a long-lasting effect.【Conclusion】The 12%amino acid+1%cyantraniliprole fertilizer-pesticide enhanced maize growth indicators while improving control efficacy against S.frugiperda,effectively reducing pest occurrence and providing practical insights for simplified maize cultivation and eco-friendly pest management.
作者
李晨
罗朝美
付国福
蔡王晓
任宗杰
张志祥
LI Chen;LUO Chaomei;FU Guofu;CAI Wangxiao;REN Zongjie;ZHANG Zhixiang(College of Plant Protection,South China Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides/Guangdong Biopesticide Engineering and Technology Research Centre,Guangzhou 510642,China;National Centre for Agricultural Technology Extension Services,Beijing 100026,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
2025年第6期110-118,共9页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1701103)。
关键词
药肥一体化
轻简化技术
草地贪夜蛾
玉米生长
灌根
防治效果
pesticide-fertilizer integration
simplified cultivation techniques
Spodoptera frugiperda
maize growth
root drench application
control effect
