摘要
以四川马边大风顶国家级自然保护区珙桐(Davidia involucrata)为研究对象,分析了该区珙桐的种群数量、年龄结构、空间分布特征,探讨其主要影响因子,并利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)对珙桐种群生境适宜分布及其影响因素进行模拟分析。结果表明:(1)珙桐资源较丰富,适宜生境面积11666.73 hm^(2),接近保护区面积1/3,估算约27510株,大多数个体处于生理成熟年龄,幼苗和幼树数量明显偏少,年龄结构呈现典型的倒金字塔型,种群属于衰退型种群;(2)主要沿河流沟谷两侧分布,在海拔1000~2200 m内均有分布,主要分布于海拔1200~2200 m;(3)距河流的距离、海拔、年温差是主要影响因子,适宜生境条件为:距河流0~250 m,海拔1200~1900 m,年温差26.2~27.2℃;(4)采笋和放牧作为主要人为干扰,极大破坏了珙桐种群的生存环境,阻碍了珙桐种子萌发及植株的生长,影响了种群自然更新。建议在马边大风顶保护区开展试点,加强珙桐种质资源保护,进一步开展珙桐繁育试验、种群更新及创新开发与利用等相关研究,对自然更新困难的幼苗实行人工抚育,促进种群延续。规划采笋和放牧区域,规范保护区周边居民的采笋、放牧行为,减少林下人为干扰。条件成熟后可扩展到整个凉山山系,这是珙桐种群保护的重要环节。
To furnish the theoretical foundation for conserving dove tree(Davidia involucrata),we examined the demographic number,age structure,and spatial distribution pattern of D.involucrata population in the Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve of Sichuan Province.Based on field survey data,the suitable habitat distribu⁃tion and its influencing factors were simulated by MaxEnt model.The results showed that:(1)The reserve is rich in dove tree resources,with an estimated 11666.73 hm^(2)of suitable habitat,constituting roughly one⁃third of the re⁃serve’s total area and hosting about 27510 individuals.The population exhibited a marked scarcity of saplings and juvenile trees,presenting a typical inverted pyramid age structure that indicates a declining population.(2)Dove trees predominantly occupied areas along river valleys at altitudes ranging from 1000 to 2200 m,with the majority situated between 1200 and 2200 m.(3)The primary environmental variables affecting habitat suitability were the proximity to rivers,altitude,and the range of annual temperature,with optimal conditions being found within 0 to 250 m from rivers,at elevations of 1200 to 1900 m,and experiencing annual temperature fluctuations of 26.2 to 27.2℃.(4)Human activities such as bamboo harvesting and grazing severely threatened the habitats of dove trees,impeding seed germination and plant growth,and thereby adversely affecting population regeneration.We suggested initiating pilot conservation projects to strengthen the protection of dove tree germplasm resources in the Mabian Dafengding Reserve.Moreover,we should conduct experiments on dove tree breeding,population renewal,and innovative development and utilization.Artificial nurturing of saplings with problems in natural regeneration should be implemented to promote population sustainability.Planning bamboo shoot collection and livestock grazing areas,standardizing the bamboo shoot collection and grazing behaviors of local people around the reserve,and reduc⁃ing human disturbances under the canopy were recommended.Upon meeting the necessary conditions,these measures can be expanded to the entire Liangshan Mountain range,which is crucial for the conservation of the dove trees.
作者
刘婷婷
罗欢
黄耀华
付励强
蒲冠桦
尹华康
毛泽恩
张晋东
LIU Tingting;LUO Huan;HUANG Yaohua;FU Liqiang;PU Guanhua;YIN Huakang;MAO Ze’en;ZHANG Jindong(Conservation Center of Sichuan Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve,Leshan 614600,Sichuan,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Educa-tion,College of Life Sciences,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,Sichuan,China;Mabian Yi Autonomous County Forestry Bureau,Leshan 614600,Sichuan,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
北大核心
2025年第8期2598-2607,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家重点生态功能区转移支付禁止开发区补助资金(2015)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32470541,42071279,U21A20193)
教育部“春晖计划”项目(2018)资助。
关键词
珙桐
最大熵模型
凉山山系
人为干扰
Davidia involucrata
MaxEnt
Liangshan Mountains
human disturbance
