摘要
河流潜流水交换过程对大型无脊椎动物群落结构的影响,是当前河流生态水文研究的热点问题。作为黄河流域的重要一级支流,渭河流域的生态状况对整个黄河流域生态系统健康具有重要指示作用。研究聚焦于渭河流域,探讨潜流交换强度和不同重金属污染程度对大型无脊椎动物群落结构的影响。于2023年10月至11月在渭河、泾河和北洛河的12个采样点,采用垂直管水头下降法测定垂向渗透系数和潜流交换通量,同时测定沉积物中重金属含量和粒径分布及大型无脊椎动物信息。研究结果表明:①通过12个采样点,共采集到大型无脊椎动物277个,隶属3门、4纲、8目、15科、18属、20种,其中节肢类动物最多,软体动物次之。间摇蚊属的平均密度最高,而梨形环棱螺的生物量最高。基于生物学污染指数(BPI)分级标准,各监测点沉积物总体处于轻-中度污染水平;而依据科级生物指数(FPI)分级标准,各监测点沉积物总体处于清洁水平。②研究区的综合污染状况处于轻度至中度污染水平,其中As污染相对严重,重金属(Zn和Pb)与大型无脊椎动物的丰富度呈正相关;③垂向渗透系数(K_(v))在0.23~3.50(m/d),不同河流差异明显,潜流交换以下降流为主,垂向渗透系数和潜流交换通量对大型无脊椎群落产生了显著影响。研究成果可为黄河流域水生态系统健康维护提供理论支持,并为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供科学依据。
The impact of hyporheic exchange on the community structure of macroinvertebrates is a crucial topic in current river ecosystem health research.As a primary tributary of the Yellow River,the ecological status of the Weihe River Basin serves as a critical indicator of the overall health of the Yellow River ecosystem.In this study,we focus on the Weihe River Basin to explore the effects of hyporheic exchange intensity and different degrees of heavy metals pollution on the structure of macroinvertebrate communities.Macroinvertebrate and sediment samples were collected from 12 sites along the mainstream Wei River,Jing River,and Beiluo River from October to November 2023.The falling-head permeameter test method was employed to measure the hydraulic conductivity and hyporheic exchange flux,while sediment heavy metal content,particle size distribution,and macroinvertebrate information were also determined.The research has 3 major findings:①a total of 277 macroinvertebrates,belonging to 3 phylums,4 class,8 orders,15 families,18 genera and 20 species,were collected from the 12 sampling sites,among which arthropods were the most abundant,followed by mollusks.The highest average density was found in the Tanytarsus,while the highest biomass was found in the Bellamya purificata.Based on the Biological Pollution Index(BPI)classification criteria,the sediments at each monitoring site are generally at light to moderate pollution levels,while based on the Family Biotic Index(FPI)classification criteria,the sediments at each monitoring site are generally at clean levels;②the comprehensive pollution status of the study area was at a light to moderate pollution level,with relatively severe As pollution.Heavy metals(Zn,Pb)were positively correlated with the richness of macroinvertebrates;③the vertical hydraulic conductivity(K_(v))of the hyporheic zone varied between 0.23 and 3.50(m/d),showing significant differences in different rivers.Hyporheic water exchange is mainaly downwelling.The research findings provide theoretical support for understanding the maintenance of aquatic ecosystem health in the Yellow River Basin.They also offer a scientific basis for ecological protection and high-quality development in the region.
作者
宋进喜
张超松
程丹东
张宇晨
张昊瀛
唐斌
周胜胜
陈军航
SONG Jinxi;ZHANG Chaosong;CHENG Dandong;ZHANG Yuchen;ZHANG Haoying;TANG Bin;ZHOU Shengsheng;CHEN Junhang(Xi’an Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Ecological Health in the Yellow River Basin,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Yellow River Institute of Shaanxi Province,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)
出处
《西北大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期679-691,共13页
Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金(42230513,42471028)。
关键词
潜流水交换
大型无脊椎动物
重金属
渭河流域
hyporheic exchange
macroinvertebrate
heavy metal
the Weihe River Basin
