摘要
基于发展社会学理论视角,聚焦触发社会发展的核心需求变量“水”,深入探讨了20世纪初工业文明加速导入背景下,张謇对中国水利近代化转型的开拓性贡献和关键推动作用:其一,立足人水之间的力量对比变化,辩证认识水的社会资源属性,率先树立水权意识,倡导海洋水权观念并推动以法护权实践,通过多目标综合开发实现水资源价值重构,从而引领从“自然之水”到“资源之水”的思想转型;其二,立足水的资源性、权属性和价值性重塑,致力于统筹效益目标与多元主体,积极倡立流域化专业水管理机构,构建全国统一的水政管理体系,奠定水利近代化的组织基础和制度框架,有效促成了治理形态从“各行其是”到“系统谋划”的根本性转变;其三,突破传统经验桎梏,倡导“嬗之以科学”的现代理念,开创水利高等教育培养“无贝之才”,通过科学制定系统性流域规划、广泛运用近代工程科技、立足国情坚持“测绘为先”等本土化实践,有力推动了治水方式从“经验理水”向“科学治水”的深刻转换。张謇不仅成功推动了传统儒家思想精髓与现代工业价值理念的有机融合,更引领了中国水利近代化从被动适应到主动建构的范式跃升,其思想对当下中国水利理论体系的创新发展与治水能力的现代化提升具有深远影响和重要启示。
From the perspective of development sociology theory,this paper focuses on“water”,the demand variable that triggers social development.This paper examines Zhang Jian’s pioneering contribution and pivotal role in China’s water conservancy modernization transformation during the accelerated introduction of industrial civilization in the early 20th century.First,based on the change in the power balance between people and water,Zhang Jian dialectically understood the social resource attribute of water,established the awareness of water rights,took the lead in advocating the concept of marine water rights and the practice of protecting rights by law,and restructured the value of water resources through multi-objective comprehensive development,thus realizing the ideological transformation from“natural water”to“resource water”.Second,based on the reconstruction of water’s resource,right attribute,and value,Zhang Jian committed to balancing efficiency objectives with diverse stakeholders and advocated the establishment of basin-based professional water management institutions and a unified national water administration system,laying the organizational and institutional foundations for modernization of water conservancy,and realizing the transformation from acting independently to systematic planning.Third,Zhang Jian broke through the traditional experience,advocated“transmutation in a scientific way”,created a water conservancy education to cultivate“talents that are not measured by money”,scientifically formulated systematic river-basin plans,widely applied modern engineering technology,and took“surveying and mapping as the first”based on the national reality,thus profoundly shifting water management from“experience-based”to“science-driven”methods.Zhang Jian not only promoted the organic integration of traditional Confucian thoughts and industrial values but also realized the paradigm transformation of China’s water conservancy modernization from passive adaptation to active advancement,which has a far-reaching impact and critical insights for innovating China’s contemporary water governance theory and modernizing water management capabilities.
作者
张春平
韩凤鸣
ZHANG Chunping;HAN Fengming(School of Marxism,Hohai University)
出处
《河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第4期28-37,共10页
Journal of Hohai University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(2022SJYB0027)
人文社科专项——河海智库要报项目(B240207052)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(B230207003)。
关键词
张謇
水利思想
近代化转型
水利史
水权
流域管理
Zhang Jian
water conservancy thought
modernization transformation
history of water conservancy
water rights
river-basin management
