摘要
作为全球最大的重要生态脆弱区,青藏高原的土地正受到日益频繁的人为干扰而发生剧烈转型。本研究运用1900年代至2020年的土地利用数据,从隐性转型、显性转型和功能转型3个维度分析青藏高原土地利用转型的时空动态特征。结果表明:①耕地主要分布在河湟谷地和“一江两河”地区,其面积在1900年代至1980年代持续增加、在1990—2020年不断减少;林地集中分布在青海东部和雅鲁藏布大峡谷以南山地地区,其范围在1900年代至1980年代不断收缩、在1990—2020年持续扩大;草地在1900年代至1980年代覆盖青藏高原大部分土地但分布范围逐渐缩小,在1990—2020年分布于青藏高原全域但面积在1990—2005年减小、2005—2020年增大。②土地利用结构在1900年代至1950年代整体维持于自然过程主导的动态平衡状态,1950年代至1980年代耕地、林地、草地相互转化强烈,2015—2020年间土地利用结构再次处于平衡状态。③1990—2020年土地利用隐性转型程度增强,高程度转型区县集中在广大牧区。1900年代至1980年代青藏高原土地利用数量转型的高程度区县由“一江两河”地区、河湟谷地转向藏东南林区,土地利用结构转型的高程度区县由分散转向集聚,逐渐形成以城市为中心的团块,土地利用多样性转型的高程度区县由藏东南、日喀则和青海东部向藏东南和河湟谷地收缩。土地利用功能转型程度在1900年代到2020年先加强后保持稳定。本研究深化了青藏高原土地利用转型的时空演变规律认知,拓展了高原人地关系研究领域,为区域生态安全屏障的精准保护与可持续建设提供了关键科学支撑。
As the largest and most significant ecologically fragile region globally,the Qingzang Plateau's landscape is undergoing drastic transformation due to increasingly frequent human disturbances.Using land use data from the 1900s to 2020,this study examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of land use transition on the plateau from three dimensions:recessive transition,dominant transition,and functional transition.The results indicate the following:(1)Cropland was primarily concentrated in the Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley and the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tributaries regions,with its area continuously expanding from the 1900s to the 1980s and then declining from 1990 to 2020.Forests were mainly distributed in the eastern Qinghai and the southern Yarlung Zangbu Grand Canyon highlands,with their range shrinking from the 1900s to the 1980s and expanding from 1990 to 2020.Grasslands,which covered most of the Qingzang Plateau from the 1900s to the 1980s,gradually shrank spatially during that period.However,from 1990 to 2020,grasslands were distributed throughout the Qingzang Plateau,with a decrease from 1990 to 2005 and an increase from 2005 to 2020.(2)The land use structure exhibited natural process-dominant dynamic equilibrium from the 1900s to the 1950s.However,from the 1950s to the 1980s,there were intense mutual conversions among cropland,forests,and grasslands.From 2015 to 2020,the land use structure returned to a balanced state.(3)From 1990 to 2020,the intensity of recessive land use transition intensified,with high-intensity transition areas concentrated in vast pastoral regions.From the 1900s to the 1980s,high-intensity areas of land use quantity transition shifted from the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tributaries region and the Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley to the southeastern Xizang forest areas.High-intensity land use transition zones shifted from dispersed to aggregated spatial patterns,gradually forming clusters centered around cities.High-intensity areas of land use diversity transition shrank from southeastern Xizang,Xigaze,and eastern Qinghai to southeastern Xizang and the Yellow River-Huangshui River Valley.The intensity of land use functional transition initially strengthened and then remained stable from the 1900s to 2020.This research deepens the understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of land use transition on the Qingzang Plateau,expands the research of human-environment interactions in plateau regions,and provides crucial scientific support for the precise protection and sustainable construction of the regional ecological security barrier.
作者
杨定
宋金平
杨振山
陈东军
YANG Ding;SONG Jinping;YANG Zhenshan;CHEN Dongjun(School of Public Administration,Xi'an University of Finance and Economics,Xi'an 710100,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modelling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Business Administration,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330032,China)
出处
《地理研究》
北大核心
2025年第8期2080-2102,共23页
Geographical Research
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0406)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(DA20020302)
江西省社会科学基金项目(24JL06)
四川省社会科学重点研究基地(拓展)国家公园研究中心课题(GJGY2023-YB006)。
