摘要
薄荷为重要的药用和经济作物,其深加工附加值较高,作为其主要挥发性成分的薄荷醇,具有多种生物活性。本文结合相关文献,对其药理学涉及的药动学、药效学、药剂学和毒理学等研究进展进行综述。药动学方面,薄荷醇药时曲线下面积(AUC)较低,平均滞留时间(MRT)和消除半衰期(T1/2)均较短,说明其在体内代谢较快。药效学方面,其通过影响细菌细胞膜磷脂酰胆碱等的含量,发挥抗菌作用;具有一定的抗病毒作用,同时增强机体免疫力;通过影响真菌生物膜的生成,对毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌等真菌具有较好的抑制作用;通过降低细胞炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β)的mRNA水平,增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶的活性,发挥抗炎作用;其可以促进癌细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖和迁移;通过调节神经细胞的Ca2+和Na+通道,发挥镇痛作用;其他药理活性包括抗寄生虫、抗氧化和神经调节等。药剂学方面,薄荷醇作为高效的渗透促进剂,通过下调紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1、Occludin、Claudin-5)水平,增强血脑屏障、淋巴渗透、肠道上皮屏障、皮肤渗透屏障等的转运能力。毒理学方面,该物质在大鼠和小鼠中的半数致死量(LD50)均高于4 000 mg/kg,安全性较高;但长期过量使用可能会引发不良反应,如降低食道、食管和胃括约肌的张力等。本文为薄荷醇的进一步推广应用提供参考。
Peppermint is an important medicinal and economic crop with high value-added potential in deep processing.Menthol,its primary volatile component,possesses various biological activities.The research progress of menthol on the pharmacology,including pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,pharmaceutics and toxicology were reviewed based on relevant literature.In terms of pharmacokinetics,the area under the curve(AUC)of menthol is relatively low,and the mean residence time(MRT)and elimination half-life(T1/2)are short,indicating that it is metabolized rapidly in the body.In terms of pharmacodynamics,it exerts antibacterial effects by influencing the contents of phosphatidylcholine and other components in bacterial cell membranes;it has certain antiviral effects and enhances the immune system;it influences the formation of fungal biofilms and has good inhibitory effects on fungi such as Trichophyton and Microsporum canis;it reduces the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β)in cells and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),exerting anti-inflammatory effects;it promotes apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibits their proliferation and migration;it exerts analgesic effects by regulating calcium(Ca2+)and sodium(Na+)channels in nerve cells;and it has other pharmacological activities including antiparasitic,antioxidant and neuroregulatory effects.In pharmaceutics,menthol,as an efficient penetration enhancer,enhances the transport capacity of the blood-brain barrier,lymphatic permeability,intestinal epithelial barrier and skin permeability barrier by down-regulating the levels of tight junction proteins(ZO-1,Occludin,Claudin-5).In toxicology,the median lethal dose(LD50)of this substance in rats and mice is higher than 4000 mg/kg,indicating high safety;however,long term excessive use may cause adverse reactions such as reducing the tension of the esophageal,esophageal and gastric sphincters.This article provides a reference for the further promotion and application of menthol.
作者
王菲
吴晓宇
陈书婷
王莎莎
唐硕文
罗万和
李先强
WANG Fei;WU Xiaoyu;CHEN Shuting;WANG Shasha;TANG Shuowen;LUO Wanhe;LI Xianqiang(College of Life and Health Sciences,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Fengyang 233100,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China)
出处
《安徽农学通报》
2025年第16期82-88,共7页
Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
安徽省高等学校科学研究项目重大项目(2024AH040059)
安徽科技学院大学生创新创业项目(202410879077)
安徽科技学院—山海异兽生命科学(佛山)有限公司合作项目(881412,881773)。
关键词
薄荷醇
生物活性
抗氧化
神经调节
menthol
biological activity
antioxidant
neuroregulation
