摘要
目的分析西安市雁塔区和莲湖区大气可吸入肺颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中16种列入大气优先控制的多环芳烃的污染特征,并评估其经吸入途径对暴露人群的健康风险。方法于2020—2022年,在西安市雁塔区和莲湖区设置监测点,每月定期采集PM_(2.5)样品,并测定16种多环芳烃的质量浓度。按照年度、季节等对检测结果开展分析评价。通过计算特征比值鉴别大气中多环芳烃的来源。对部分多环芳烃、总致癌等效浓度分别开展经吸入途径的健康风险评估。结果雁塔区和莲湖区多环芳烃总质量浓度的平均浓度水平分别为6.38 ng/m^(3)和6.06 ng/m^(3),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);除荧蒽外,其它多环芳烃在区域间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);除苊烯和蒽外,其它多环芳烃呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.05);两城区多环芳烃总质量浓度均呈冬季>春季>秋季>夏季(P<0.05),各类多环芳烃均呈现冬季最高、夏季最低的趋势(P<0.05);两城区夏季5环占比最高,冬季4环占比最高;两城区大气多环芳烃的主要来源是石油燃烧、煤炭及生物质燃烧的混合来源;两城区苯并[a]芘和TEQs的HQ值均<1;TEQs吸入途径的致癌风险为1.15×10^(-6),高于1×10^(-6)的可接受水平。结论西安市雁塔区和莲湖区的多环芳烃污染持续降低,存在季节性差异,主要来源为机动车排放、煤炭及生物质燃烧的混合来源,整体PAHs对居民具有潜在的致癌性风险。
Objective To analyze the pollution characteristics of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in atmospheric PM_(2.5)in Yanta District and Lianhu District of Xi′an City,and assess their health risks to exposed populations through inhalation pathways.Methods From 2020 to 2022,monitoring sites were set up in Yanta District and Lianhu District of Xi′an City,and PM_(2.5)samples were collected regularly every month.The mass concentrations of PAHs were determined.The analysis and evaluation were carried out according to different years,regions,and seasons.The sources of PAHs in the atmosphere were identified by calculating characteristic ratios.Health risk assessments through inhalation routes were conducted for certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their total carcinogenic equivalent concentrations.Results The average mass concentrations of PAHs in Yanta District and Lianhu District were 6.38 ng/m^(3)and 6.06 ng/m^(3),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Except for fluoranthene,there was no statistically significant difference in other PAHs between regions(P>0.05).Except for acenaphthylene and anthracene,the concentrations of other PAHs showed a decreasing trend year by year(P<0.05).The total mass concentration of PAHs in both urban areas showed a trend of winter>spring>autumn>summer(P<0.05),and all categories of PAHs showed the highest levels in winter and the lowest levels in summer(P<0.05).The proportion of 5-ring PAHs was the highest in summer,while the proportion of 4-ring PAHs was the highest in winter.The main sources of atmospheric PAHs in the two districts were a mixture of coal combustion,motor vehicle emissions,and biomass burning.The HQ values of benzo[a]pyrene and TEQs in both districts were less than 1.The carcinogenic risk through inhalation pathways for TEQs was 1.15×10^(-6),exceeding the acceptable level(1×10^(-6)).Conclusion The pollution of PAHs in Yanta District and Lianhu District of Xi′an City continues to decrease,with seasonal differences.The main sources are mixed sources of coal combustion,motor vehicle emissions,and biomass burning,and overall PAHs pose a potential carcinogenic risk to residents.
作者
程永兵
刘思岑
刘志朝
孟昭伟
CHENG Yongbing;LIU Sicen;LIU Zhichao;MENG Zhaowei(Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710054,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2025年第5期23-27,共5页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
陕西省公共卫生检测监测服务平台(2016FWPT-12)。
关键词
PM_(2.5)
多环芳烃
污染特征
健康风险评估
PM_(2.5)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Pollution characteristics
Health risk assessment
