摘要
龙氏家乘《迪光录》为清代贵州省锦屏县亮寨长官司长官龙氏家谱,在清代清水江流域民族地区编就的家乘谱牒中独树一帜,影响较大。该家谱现存清代道光和同治两次编修版本,其融合了方志与家谱的功能,体例独特,内容丰富,涉及地理、历史、政治、社会、文化和教育等诸多领域,是一部集家族史、土司史和地方史于一体的珍贵著述,也是研究清代苗族土司地区经济与社会的重要文献资料,不仅展示了龙氏族人“明血统,辨昭穆”的家族认同感,而且从多个方面呈现了龙氏土司一族之于家国一体、耕读传家、地方治理以及与汉、侗等民族交往交流交融的史事,不仅是清水江流域区域史建构与研究的重要取资,而且对于当今清水江流域各族民众中华民族共同体意识的进一步铸牢有着重要的文献价值。
The middle and lower reaches of the Qingshui River have long been home to the Miao and Dong ethnic peoples.Before Guizhou was formally established as a province,successive dynasties adopted an indirect rule policy of governing the native people through native officials(the Jimi system),recognizing the hereditary leadership of ethnic minority groups in this region.During the Yuan dynasty,the Tusi(i.e.native officials)system was instituted here,granting official positions to individuals who were able to pacify and lead indigenous communities while demonstrating loyalty to the central dynasty.After Guizhou became a province in the eleventh year of the Yongle reign(1413)of the Ming dynasty,most Tusi territories were incorporated into regular administrative units such as prefectures(fu),sub-prefectures(zhou),and counties(xian),forming a dual structure of governance combining native and imperial systems.Although the“Opening of the Miao Region”during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing dynasty brought most of the region under direct imperial control,small-scale native Tusi in the Qingshui River basin continued to function as auxiliary units in local governance.Against the backdrop of intensified imperial integration and growing contact with the interior,local ethnic communities in the basin—including Miao,Dong,and Han migrants—began to address identity-related questions such as“Who am I?”,“Why am I here?”,and“Where am I heading?”through clan-building efforts such as the establishment of ancestral halls and the compilation of genealogical records.This gave rise to a widespread practice of clan genealogy compilation aimed at constructing a sense of national identity among peripheral groups.Among these works,the Diguanglu—the family genealogy of the Long clan of the Liangzhai Tusi in Jinping County—stands out as a highly influential text compiled during the Qing dynasty.The genealogy underwent five revisions during the Qing period,with extant versions dating back to the Daoguang and Tongzhi reigns.Integrating the functions of both local gazetteers and family genealogies,Diguanglu exhibits unique editorial features,including“elite-led compilation involving the entire clan,”“innovative structure combining gazetteer and genealogy,”“well-organized content with rich detail,”and“prefaces by officials providing refined summaries.”This not only documents the lineage,clan rules,and individual biographies of the Long clan but also preserves abundant information on regional geography,history,politics,society,culture,and education within the broader context of imperial integration.The text conveys a strong sense of clan identity through clear lineage and hierarchical order,while illustrating the Long clans role in statebuilding,family traditions,local governance,and interethnic interactions with Han and Dong communities.The genealogy holds direct documentary value for studying the Long family,the Liangzhai Tusi system,and the local history of the Liangzhai and Dunzhai areas.It also serves as an important resource for research into the regional social,educational,economic,political,and military history of the Qingshui River basin.Furthermore,it offers a rare lens for exploring interethnic relations,interaction mechanisms,and the concept of a unified multi-ethnic Chinese nation during the Qing dynasty,contributing to the contemporary reinforcement of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation among ethnic groups in the Qingshui River region.
作者
杨军昌
黄择书
Yang Junchang;Huang Zeshu(Guizhou University,Guiyang,550025,Guizhou,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
北大核心
2025年第8期132-141,167,共11页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
贵州省2022年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题“贵州山地传统农耕文化的文献采集与研究”(22GZGX18)
贵州省民宗委“贵州大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地”项目“‘三交’视域下历史时期清水江流域少数民族教育文化的价值摭论”(GZSMZGD202301)阶段性成果。
关键词
土司家乘
《迪光录》
编修特点
文献价值
Tusi genealogy
Diguanglu
compilation characteristics
documentary value
