摘要
搜寻摩擦与信息壁垒始终制约着资源优化配置,数字经济的迅猛发展深刻影响了劳动力市场的搜寻摩擦,为劳动力带来了新的就业机会。本文基于搜寻和匹配理论、一般均衡模型展开分析,以微观调查数据为研究样本,考察了数字经济对搜寻摩擦的冲击以及对非农就业的影响。研究发现,数字经济发展显著降低了地区搜寻摩擦水平,提高了劳动力非农就业的概率。机制分析表明,数字经济发展通过提升劳动力的工作搜寻匹配效率、降低工作搜寻成本减少了搜寻摩擦,克服了劳动力市场信息不完全、信息不对称的问题。此外,数字经济在工作搜寻效率和工作匹配效率较高、工作搜寻成本较低时,在求职成功率较低和招聘成功率较低以及市场紧张度较大时,对非农劳动者的平均工资更易产生工资溢价效应。最后,本文针对劳动者数字素养培育、劳动力市场信息平台建设、数据安全治理体系构建等方面提出了相关的政策建议。本研究不仅深化了对数字经济缓解劳动力市场搜寻摩擦的理论认知,也为优化就业政策设计提供了一定的实践参考。
Frictionless transactions characterize an ideal state;in reality,search frictions and costs are inherent fea⁃tures of the labor market.Conventional job search methods,which rely on kinship networks and geographical proximity,depend significantly on individuals’ability to access and integrate information.These methods are often plagued by high search costs and long durations of unemployment,which are exacerbated by search frictions.The report to the 20th Na⁃tional Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)explicitly emphasized the implementation of an employmentfirst strategy and the improvement of employment promotion mechanisms.With the rapid advancement of information technology,conventional job search approaches can no longer meet the demands of the modern labor market.The digital economy,driven by technologies such as the Internet,big data,and artificial intelligence(AI),has profoundly affected search frictions in the labor market and created new employment opportunities for a wide range of job seekers and the un⁃employed.This paper,grounded in search and matching theory and based on a general equilibrium model,thoroughly investi⁃gates the impact of the digital economy on search frictions and its subsequent effects on non-agricultural employment.It further analyzes the mechanisms through which the digital economy affects search frictions.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)and applying a Probit model,the paper empirically assesses the positive role of the digital economy in facilitating job searches among the labor force.Given the complexity of labor job search behaviors,this paper explores the heterogeneous effects of digital economic development on non-agricultural employment across four dimen⁃sions:regional digital economy development,levels of economic development,individual work experience,and gender.Additionally,this paper introduces three indicators that reflect labor market conditions:market tightness,job search suc⁃cess rate,and hiring success rate.These indicators are used to further analyze how the development of the digital economy affects search frictions and influences the average wages of non-agricultural workers under heterogeneous mar⁃ket conditions.Research findings indicate that the development of the digital economy significantly reduces regional search frictions,thereby increasing the probability of non-agricultural employment.The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of the digital economy on non-agricultural employment varies across regions and individuals.The employment-promoting ef⁃fects are more pronounced in regions with higher levels of digital and economic development,as well as among female workers and those without prior work experience.Mechanism analysis reveals that the development of the digital economy mitigates search frictions by enhancing job search efficiency,matching effectiveness,and reducing search costs,thereby alleviating information incompleteness and asymmetry in the labor market.Further analysis reveals that the digital economy’s effect in reducing search frictions is more pronounced under conditions of higher market tightness.The digital economy has influenced the distribution of overall surplus in the labor market,leading to increased average wages for nonagricultural workers.Specifically,the digital economy is more likely to generate wage premium effects on nonagricultural employment in the cases of higher labor search efficiency and regional matching efficiency,lower job search costs,lower job search and hiring success rates,and greater market tightness.Therefore,this paper argues that the digi⁃tal economy effectively reduces search frictions and has a positive impact on non-agricultural employment.In addition,factors such as workers’search awareness,search skills,and the development of digital platforms significantly enhance job search and matching efficiency,thereby promoting employment.This paper makes marginal contributions in the following areas.Firstly,in terms of research focus,this paper evalu⁃ates the impact of the digital economy on the labor market from the novel perspective of search and matching theory.Sec⁃ondly,in terms of the theoretical framework,by constructing a general equilibrium model based on search-and-matching theory,this paper reveals how the digital economy reduces search frictions between labor and jobs and increases individu⁃als’job search intensity,thereby influencing the causal chain of employment fluctuations and providing a more compre⁃hensive understanding of the mechanisms of search frictions.Thirdly,from an empirical perspective,this paper examines the impact of the digital economy on search frictions and,subsequently,on non-agricultural employment across three di⁃mensions:job search efficiency,job matching efficiency,and job search costs.This paper not only deepens the theoreti⁃cal understanding of how the digital economy alleviates search frictions in the labor market but also offers practical in⁃sights for optimizing employment policy design.
作者
王军
朱彤
郭俏妤
WANG Jun;ZHU Tong;GUO Qiaoyu(Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing,China)
出处
《经济学动态》
北大核心
2025年第8期76-94,共19页
Economic Perspectives
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全宏观经济治理体系研究”(2024MZD018)。
关键词
数字经济
搜寻摩擦
搜寻匹配
非农就业
Digital Economy
Search Frictions
Search and Matching
Non-Agricultural Employment
