马来西亚团结政府的外交战略布局及其对中马关系的影响

The Diplomatic Strategic Layout of Malaysia’s Unity Government and Its Impact on China-Malaysia Relations

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摘要 2022年安瓦尔建立团结政府以来,马来西亚的对外政策呈现出多环嵌套的特点,内环立足东盟、次环平衡大国关系、三环联系伊斯兰世界以及外环面向全球南方国家的四重嵌套与多元平衡的新外交战略布局逐渐成形。从新外交战略布局的生成逻辑来看,大国博弈时代国际局势的演变、国内族群政治影响下的政权合法性问题、“曼陀罗”战略文化对马来西亚外交的长期浸润以及安瓦尔的魅力型领导力外交实践共同擘画了当前团结政府的外交战略蓝图。总体而言,战略文化、国家身份、国内外权力格局和决策者的魅力领导为马来西亚外交战略确立了东盟—大国—伊斯兰世界—全球南方四条经线,而马来西亚外交实践中长期贯彻的务实性和灵活性原则为外交全局确定了经济外交和道义外交两条鲜明纬线。在此背景下,团结政府的积极中立和多元平衡外交策略将对新时期中马关系发展产生深远影响,未来经济外交和道义外交将是两国双边互动的重点。 Since Anwar Ibrahim formed the Unity Government in 2022,Malaysia’s diplomacy has become increasingly multi-layered.A new diplomatic strategic layout has gradually taken shape with four concentric layers:the innermost ring focusing on ASEAN,the second ring balancing relations with major powers,the third ring engaging the Islamic world,and the outermost ring targeting the Global South.This reflects a multidimensional and balanced approach to diplomacy.From the underlying logic behind this new diplomatic strategy,several factors have jointly shaped the current foreign policy blueprint of the Unity Government:the evolving international layout amid great power competition,the issue of regime legitimacy under the influence of domestic ethnic politics,the long-term influence of the“Mandala”strategic culture on Malaysia’s diplomacy,and Anwar’s charismatic leadership in diplomatic practice.Overall,strategic culture,national identity,domestic and international power structures,and the charismatic leadership of decision-makers have together defined four longitudinal axes in Malaysia’s diplomacy:ASEAN,major powers,the Islamic world,and the Global South.Meanwhile,the long-standing principles of pragmatism and flexibility in Malaysia’s diplomatic practice have laid down two prominent latitudinal themes:economic diplomacy and moral diplomacy.In this context,the Unity Government’s active neutrality and multi-dimensional balanced diplomacy are expected to exert a profound impact on the development of China-Malaysia relations in the new era.In the long run,economic diplomacy and moral diplomacy will be essential to China-Malaysia bilateral interaction.

作者李卓刘勇 LI Zhuo;LIU Yong

机构地区国防科技大学外国语学院

出处《南亚东南亚研究》 2025年第3期66-96,155,156,共33页 South and Southeast Asian Studies

基金 2023年国家社会科学基金一般项目“涉南海问题域内外国家外交话语研究”(项目编号:23BGJ078)的阶段性研究成果。

关键词马来西亚外交团结政府外交战略布局多元平衡积极中立 Malaysia’s Diplomacy Unity Government Diplomatic Strategic Layout Multidimensional Balance Active Neutrality

分类号 D822 [政治法律—外交学]