摘要
文章基于第五次、六次、七次全国人口普查数据,探究了我国城镇非正规就业规模、行业和空间分布特征与影响因素。研究发现:①2000—2020年我国城镇非正规就业人口规模不断扩大,由1.16亿人增长至2.48亿人,行业上向服务业尤其是生活性服务业集中趋势明显;②地级市城镇非正规就业规模空间分布格局与地区经济发展水平相关,总体呈现东南沿海和内陆、区域中心城市和外围中小城市的双重中心—外围结构特征,其中中西部地区规模和比重持续提高;③市场规模、外来人口率、城镇化率和教育水平是影响城镇非正规就业的主要因素,公共投入的影响力随时间有所加强,各项因素影响呈现出明显的空间异质性。最后,文章从加强劳动法律保障、深化户籍制度、加强教育帮扶、引入优质外资和优化地方政府行为等方面提出了对策与建议。
Based on the fifth,sixth,and seventh national population censuses,this study delves into the scale,sectoral distribution,and spatial characteristics of urban informal employment in China,as well as its influencing factors.The results show that:1)In 2000-2020,the number of urban informal employment in China has been continuously expanding,increasing from 116 million to 248 million,urban informal employees tends to do service work,particularly in consumer-oriented services.2)The spatial distribution pattern of urban informal employment in prefecture-level cities is related to the level of regional economic development,the urban informal employment is mainly distributed in the southeast coastal and inland areas,and the central and peripheral cities.The scale and proportion of the urban informal employment in the central and western regions continuing to increase.3)Market size,migrant populations rate,urbanization rate,and education level are primary determinants of urban informal employment,and the influence of public investment has strengthened over time.All factors show significant spatial heterogeneity in the impact of various factors.Finally,this article proposes countermeasures and suggestions from several aspects:strengthening labor legal protection,reforming the household registration system,bolstering educational support,attracting high-quality foreign capital,and refining local government practices.
作者
唐晓超
王振
刘明洋
TANG Xiaochao;WANG Zhen;LIU Mingyang(Institute of Applied Economics,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China;Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China)
出处
《经济地理》
北大核心
2025年第6期79-89,共11页
Economic Geography
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(19AZS018)
教育部人文社会科学青年项目(22YJC790116)。
关键词
非正规就业
外来人口
规模估算
城镇化率
教育
法律保障
多尺度地理加权回归
informal employment
floating population
scale estimation
urbanization rate
education
legal guarantee
multi-scale geographical weighted regression
