摘要
英国是最早建立起中央集权的西欧国家。相比中世纪晚期以来欧洲大陆形成的中央集权国家,英国恪守日耳曼部落的原始民主传统,在国家形成中采用调查、指控、不动产权益占有之诉和刑事审判这四种形式的陪审团,作为推进行政和司法中央集权化的工具。陪审团使英国政府在各阶层民众广泛与经常参与的基础上建立起官民共治的治理方式,增强了中央政府与民众之间的合作与互动,减少了官民对抗。由是之故,陪审团成为与议会并行的代表中世纪民主政治发展的关键性制度。詹姆斯·马斯切尔通过陪审团研究的特定角度,揭示了英国不同于西欧大陆中央集权国家的形成道路。这种探索对进一步认识英国和其他西欧国家后来的发展道路极具理论价值。
England was the first Western European country to establish a centralized government.In contrast to the centralized states emerging in late medieval continental Europe,England preserved Germanic tribal traditions of participatory governance.The Crown institutionalized four forms of jury,investigation,prosecution,possessory assizes and criminal trials,as instruments of administrative and judicial consolidation.The jury system enabled the central government in England to establish a co-governance model with popular participation across social strata.This mechanism enhanced state-society collaboration through routine interaction,significantly reducing adversarial tensions between the authorities and the governed.Consequently,the jury system emerged as a pivotal institution−alongside Parliament−representing the development of medieval participatory governance.Through his groundbreaking study of the jury system,James Masschaele illuminates England’s distinctive path to centralized state formation−one that diverged fundamentally from continental European models.This perspective offers significant theoretical insights for understanding the later developmental trajectories of England and other Western European nations.
出处
《经济社会史评论》
2025年第3期4-12,126,共10页
Economic and Social History Review
