摘要
火星角砾岩陨石是2011年新发现的一类火星陨石样品。传统的SNCO火星陨石(包括辉玻、辉橄、纯橄和斜方辉石质无球粒陨石)是源自火星幔部的基性-超基性岩,而火星角砾岩陨石的全岩成分与“勇气”号(Spirit)和奥德赛(Odyssey)火星探测器获取的Gusev陨石坑的土壤和火星表面的平均成分接近,是目前唯一能够代表火星壳层组分的陨石样品。同时,火星角砾岩陨石是最古老的火星陨石样品,记录了从早期岩浆活动和火星壳的形成(约4480~4300Ma)、撞击事件或地质活动引发的热变质(约1700~1200Ma)、角砾岩固结成岩(~1500Ma或<225Ma)、到最终脱离火星进入行星际空间(约10~5Ma)的地质年代学历史。本文从岩相学、矿物学、地球化学、地质年代学等方面综述了近年来火星角砾岩陨石的研究和进展,并从地质环境的稳定性、可能的宜居地和适宜的物理化学环境三方面讨论了火星角砾岩陨石对火星宜居性的启示。火星角砾岩陨石是火星岩石圈、水圈、大气圈相互作用的产物,为理解火星的地质演化和宜居性历史提供了新的视角。
Martian regolith breccia is a new class of martian meteorite discovered in 2011.Traditional SNCO martian meteorites,including shergottites,nakhlites,chassignites,and an orthopyroxenite,are mafic to ultramafic rocks derived from the martian mantle.In contrast,martian breccia meteorites have bulk compositions similar to those of average martian crust and soils in Gusev Crater obtained by the Mars Odyssey orbiter and Spirit Rover,respectively,making them a unique representative of the martian crust to date.Meanwhile,martian breccias are the oldest of all martian meteorites,recording a geochronology from early magmatic activity and formation of the martian crust(ca.4480~4300Ma),thermal metamorphism triggered by impact or geological activities(ca.1700~1200Ma),the lithification of breccias(~1500Ma or<225Ma),to their final ejection from Mars(ca.10~5Ma).This paper gives a comprehensive introduction on the petrography,mineralogy,geochemistry,and geochronology of martian breccia meteorites,and discusses their implications for martian habitability from three aspects including the stability of martian geology,potential habitable sites,and suitable physical and chemical environments.Martian breccia meteorites are products of the interaction between the martian lithosphere,hydrosphere,and atmosphere,which provide new perspectives for understanding the geological evolution and habitability history of Mars.
作者
王英
赵炳旭
张欣茹
WANG Ying;ZHAO BingXu;ZHANG XinRu(CAS Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)
出处
《岩石学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期3225-3241,共17页
Acta Petrologica Sinica
基金
科技部重点研发计划(2021YFA0716100)
紫金山天文台小行星基金会联合资助.
关键词
火星角砾岩
火星陨石
岩石学
地质年代学
火星宜居性
Martian regolith breccia
Martian meteorites
Petrology
Geochronology
Martian habitability
