摘要
中国文化遗产保护规划的进程体现了中国通过文化遗产来认识和传承中华文化的历程。此进程始于城市规划中对文物古迹和古城的保护,逐渐发展为专门的多元化保护规划,并进一步融入国土空间规划,探索对历史城市的保护。这一过程见证了中国城市从城市规划学意义上的规划迈向与文化遗产学交叉的文化遗产保护规划的历史进程。在这一进程中,保护者的亲身经历与认识对于理解其完整性至关重要。本文梳理了自1949年至2023年的整体发展脉络,呈现了亲历者的个体记忆和对中国保护规划的见证,重点展示国内外保护经验的整合及文物、历史文化名城、世界文化遗产3条发展线索。整体来看,在保护技术层面,中国与国际保护经验的深度融合,以及3条线索各自和彼此之间保护经验的整合,是推动中国文化遗产保护规划进程的核心动力。在认识层面,针对历史城市的择址和布局,从国家战略需求到“天人地”关系处理,强调中国历史城市“整体性和一体性”的特点,形成了中国特色的“整体保护”理念,包括蕴含其中的哲学观。基于此,深入理解这一进程对于丰富保护史的完整性以及当前从国土空间层面整合保护与传承中华文化历史遗存都十分重要。
The process of conservation planning for Chinese cultural heritage originated with the protection of cultural relics,historic sites,and ancient cities within the framework of urban planning.It gradually evolved into specialized and diversified conservation planning and subsequently integrated into territorial spatial planning,thereby exploring the conservation of historic cities.This process exemplifies the historical shift of Chinese urban planning from being confined within the discipline to encompassing cultural heritage conservation planning that intersects with cultural heritage studies.Throughout this evolution,the firsthand experiences and insights of conservators are pivotal in grasping its holistic nature.This paper outlines the overall development of conservation planning in China from 1949 to 2023,presenting the individual memories and testimonies of those involved.It focuses on the integration of domestic and international conservation experience,highlighting three key development threads:cultural relics,historic and cultural cities,and World Heritage Sites.At the technical level,the deep integration of China’s conservation efforts with international experience,as well as the synthesis of conservation practices across these three threads,serves as the core driving forces propelling China’s cultural heritage conservation planning forward.At the cognitive level,regarding the site selection and layout of historic cities,the paper emphasizes the inherent characteristics of“holism and integration”in Chinese historic cities,addressing national strategic needs and managing the relationship between humans and nature.This leads to the formation of a“holistic conservation”concept with Chinese characteristics,encompassing embedded philosophical perspectives.Based on this understanding,it is crucial to deeply comprehend this process in order to enrich the holistic narrative of conservation history and effectively integrate the conservation and transmission of Chinese cultural historic relics at the territorial spatial level.
作者
李松松
青木信夫
徐苏斌
Songsong Li;Nobuo AOKI;Subin Xu(International Research Center for Chinese Cultural Heritage Conservation,School of Architecture,Tianjin University;Director of the International Research Center for Chinese Cultural Heritage Conservation,School of Architecture,Tianjin University)
出处
《城市设计》
2025年第1期12-21,共10页
Urban Design
基金
国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“中国文化基因的传承与当代表达研究”(21ZD01)。
关键词
历史文化名城
保护规划
城市规划
国土空间规划
集体记忆
Historic cities
Conservation planning
Urban planning
Territorial spatial planning
Collective memory
