摘要
基于对技术民族主义和国家安全理论相关文献的分析,从国家安全角度出发,揭示关键核心技术与国家安全竞争的内在关系。面对当前大国技术竞争的激烈态势,如何在可预期的时间内扭转关键核心技术受制于人的局面,构建新形势下竞争合作的组合策略以更好地维护国家安全,是新时代亟须深入研讨的重大课题。基于中美科技竞争高度聚焦的、能够塑造未来经济与安全格局的关键技术领域,界定国家层面关键核心技术的主要内涵、技术结构和判断模型;运用案例分析、理论建模等方法,分析中美部分关键核心技术的发展现状、核心问题及发展策略;在此基础上,提出关键核心技术的4种划分类型,构建关键核心技术影响国家安全的数理模型,并提炼出基于“技术应用扩散机制”和“国家制度约束机制”的“国家技术竞合三阶段理论”等,以期推动更深一步的学术对话。研究提出制定面向2035年和2050年基于科技自立自强的国家安全发展战略,实施基础科学研究计划和关键核心技术攻关行动,在细分技术领域采取差异化竞争合作策略等措施,最终实现国家安全与高质量发展的协同共进。
The world is rapidly reconstructing itself into a system where technology,industry,and rules are increasingly separated,with the logic of security increasingly taking precedence over efficiency and economic globalization.National security is closely tied to world peace and development in the 21st century,as well as the smooth progress of China's modernization.Faced with the increasingly complex international technological competition,it is essential to define and understand the connotation and structure of key core technologies from the perspective of na⁃tional security.We must clarify the relationship between key core technologies and national se⁃curity theoretically,give full play to the advantages of the new national system,and work to re⁃verse the current situation where key core technologies are held by foreign entities within a fore⁃seeable time.Furthermore,we need to form a combination strategy of competition and coopera⁃tion to navigate this new landscape effectively.This topic holds significant theoretical,policy,and practical importance.Based on the literature on technological nationalism,national security theory,and the analysis of key technology areas that are highly focused on shaping the future economic and security landscape in the Sino-US scientific and technological competition,this paper defines the main connotation,technical structure,and judgment model of key core tech⁃nologies at the national level.Using case analysis,theoretical modeling,and other methods,this paper analyzes the current situation,problems,and development strategies of China in the key competitive technology areas between China and the United States.The main conclusions of the paper include:①Types and structure of key core technologies.Key core technologies refer to the elements and links that play a key or core role in technology and production systems,including the interconnected and inherent"bottleneck technologies","accelerator technologies","protec⁃tion belt technologies",and"security technologies".Key core technologies are considered to be the core variables affecting national security.②The"three-stage theory of national technologi⁃cal competition and cooperation",proposed based on"technology application diffusion mecha⁃nism"and"national institutional constraint mechanism".The"technology application diffusion mechanism"is mainly driven by technology diffusion and market mechanisms,while the"na⁃tional institutional constraint mechanism"is shaped by the national political system,ideology,and national security goals.The type of technological competition and cooperation relationship between relevant countries depends on the technological gap and the development stages of the respective countries.③Based on the current situation where the"national institutional con⁃straint mechanism"plays a prominent role,formulate and implement the"national security strat⁃egy of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement"for 2035 and 2050.Ad⁃ditionally,formulate and implement the"basic science research plan"and the"10-year key core technology research action".④Improve the new national system for the development of ma⁃jor scientific and technological innovation breakthroughs,and formulate different competitioncooperation combination strategies according to the different security sensitivity of technology and economic growth.⑤Develop and modify differentiated and refined technology and industrial policies in sectors such as semiconductors,artificial intelligence,quantum computing,biotech⁃nology,and clean energy.
作者
陈光
Chen Guang(School of Public Administration,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)
出处
《创新科技》
2025年第8期1-9,共9页
Innovation science and technology
关键词
关键核心技术
技术民族主义
国家安全理论
安全竞争
组合策略
key core technologies
technological nationalism
national security theory
secu⁃rity competition
combination strategy
