摘要
20世纪上半期中国新史家和考古学家在打破中国上古民族与文化形成发展一系说的同时,尝试性地从都邑、人群、文化角度探讨中国文化的渊源和谱系这一宏大理论问题,相关讨论包括:中国上古人群、文化东西二分论,“自五帝以来,都邑之自东方而移于西方,盖自周始”“殷、周非同种民族”说,“小屯文化与仰韶文化分属两个系统”说,“夷夏东西说”及龙山、仰韶东西二元对立学说与文化混合说等。这对20世纪30年代以后的中国人群与文化三系说、三集团说及中国文明起源的多元一体说等理论的建立产生了深远的影响。但由于材料的缺乏及学者对材料的运用存在问题,以上关于中国上古民族与文化东西二分论,均存在一些学理上的不足。20世纪40年代到50年代末,仰韶文化西来说和龙山仰韶东西二元对立及文化混合说先后宣告终结,中国史前文化连续发展说的确立为中国文明起源探索中的黄河流域中心说奠定了坚实的理论基础。
In the first half of the 20th century,while challenging the traditional unilinear narrative of the formation and development of ancient Chinese ethnic groups and culture,Chinese historians and archaeologists tentatively explored the grand theoretical issue of the origins and genealogy of Chinese culture from perspectives such as capital cities,populations,and cultural traits.Key discussions included:the east-west dichotomy of ancient Chinese populations and cultures;the theory that“after the Five Emperors period,the capital gradually shifted from east to west since the Zhou Dynasty”;the claim that“Shang and Zhou were ethnically distinct”;the argument that“Xiaotun culture and Yangshao culture belonged to separate systems”;the“Yi-Xia East-West theory”;and the east-west binary opposition and cultural hybridization theories involving Longshan and Yangshao cultures.These debates profoundly influenced later theories,such as the tripartite classification of Chinese populations and cultures,the three-group theory,and the pluralistic-unity model of Chinese civilization origins since the 1930s.However,due to insufficient materials and problematic interpretations by scholars,these east-west dichotomy theories on ancient Chinese ethnic groups and cultures exhibited certain academic shortcomings.From the 1940s to the late 1950s,the western origins theory of Yangshao culture and the east-west binary opposition and hybridization theories of Longshan and Yangshao cultures were successively abandoned.The establishment of the continuous development theory of Chinese prehistoric culture laid a solid theoretical foundation for the Yellow River Basin-centered narrative in the study of Chinese civilization origins.
出处
《中华文化论坛》
北大核心
2025年第3期145-159,共15页
Journal of Chinese Culture
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“新中国成立以来中国文明起源研究的话语体系构建研究”(项目编号:23AZS001)的阶段性成果。
关键词
东西二分
文化渊源
谱系
中国文明起源
East-West dichotomy
cultural origins
genealogy
origins of Chinese civilization
