摘要
苏辙借《老子》阐述对于时政的见解,发挥经典的资政效用。在《老子解》中,他以“性”为中心展开诠释,将之视为秩序成立的基础,从政治秩序的视角丰富了老学诠释史之内容。他通过“以性言道”提出“性”源于本体之“道”,将“性”视为居于本根地位之本体,通过“性真物妄”将“性”阐述为人认识外物的根源。他以“性”作为个性生命价值得以彰显的本体依据,以“性”为核心重新构建天人万物之关系,大力提倡“复性”回到生命的本真状态,并提出两种“复性”之方,这就是“以神载魄”实现自作主宰,“去妄复性”除去外物遮蔽。他认为假若人人复性自适,便可形成整体的和谐秩序,这就将个体的生命价值视为制度建立的重要参照。苏辙援引“性”为核心,阐释出关照百姓日用与性命之情的秩序观。苏辙的政治秩序建构,迥异于同时代王安石和司马光注《老》之核心关切,亦可视为苏辙反思王安石变法的一个哲学视角。
Su Zhe employed Laozi to articulate his views on contemporary politics,leveraging the advisory function of the classic.In his Commentary on Laozi,he centered his interpretation on the concept of“xing”(性;nature),regarding it as the foundation of order,thereby enriching the studies of Laozi from the perspective of political order.Through the approach of“expressing Dao through xing”,he proposed that“xing”originates from the ontological“Dao”,treating“xing”as the fundamental ontological principle.By asserting“xing is real while things are delusive”,he elaborated“xing”as the root of human cognition of external objects.Su Zhe positioned“xing”as the ontological basis for the manifestation of individual life value,reconstructed the relationship of heaven,humanity and all things with“xing”at its core.He fervently advocated“fu xing”(复性;returning to nature)to restore life’s authentic state and proposed two methods for achieving this:“using shen(神)to carry po(魄)”to attain self-mastery,and“eliminating illusions to fu xing”to remove the obscurations of external things.He believed that if everyone could return to their nature and achieve self-fulfillment,a harmonious collective order would emerge,thereby treating individual life’s value as a crucial reference for institutional establishment.By invoking“xing”as the core,Su Zhe articulated a vision of order that attends to the daily lives and innate dispositions of the people.His construction of political order diverged sharply from the central concerns of his contemporaries Wang Anshi and Sima Guang in their commentaries on Laozi,and it can also be regarded as a philosophical perspective through which Su Zhe reflected on Wang Anshi’s reforms.
出处
《中华文化论坛》
北大核心
2025年第3期23-31,共9页
Journal of Chinese Culture
基金
“国家资助博士后研究人员计划”资助项目(项目编号:GZC20241984)
中国社会科学院2024年博士后创新项目成果。
关键词
《老子》
苏辙
熙宁变法
政治哲学
Laozi
Su Zhe
Xi-ning Reforms
political philosophy
