摘要
“一带一路”倡议提出10余年,中国积极参与全球港口建设,为充分厘清港口建设成效,丰富“一带一路”发展研究。本文采用港航大数据、城市数据等构建“港口活力指数”指标体系,从生产、运输、服务和辐射4个维度采用17个基础指标测算活力指数,评价2013—2022年间港口发展活力水平。结果表明:①2013—2022年“一带一路”沿线中国投资港口整体活力指数快速提升,亚洲和欧洲长期是港口活力的规模重心,而非洲是增长重心;②港口间活力增长具有显著差异,投资运营一体化港口相较于仅承建港口具有更高的发展活力;③中国港口建设公司通过承建发展中国家或地区港口,承担大国责任和担当,帮助缺乏运输能力的发展中国家和地区快速获得对外运输能力;④码头运营公司和船公司在发展基础条件优、位于关键航运通道、经济风险小等优势地区参与投资运营港口,确保港口投资成效;⑤部分中小港口依靠投资快速获得港口生产活力,但仍缺乏运输活力,城市市场增长不足以支撑港口运输活力增长。本文提出的港口活力评价对中国未来港口投资策略调整和企业投资布局选址提供参考,有利于“一带一路”发展理论的构建,并为践行中国与“全球南方”国家和地区共同繁荣的目标提供港口发展层面的实践证据。
As part of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),China has actively participated in global port construction over the past decade.This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of these efforts and enrich the theoretical framework of BRI development.We constructed a port vitality index(PVI)using shipping big data.The PVI was calculated across four key dimensions(production,maritime,service,and radiation)using 17 fundamental indicators based on the port transportation chain model.This study evaluated the vitality of port development over the past decade.The results were as follows.(1)There was significant growth from 2013 to 2022 in the overall vitality index of ports invested in China,with Asia and Europe being the primary hubs of port vitality,and Africa emerging as a major center of growth.(2)There was higher vitality growth among ports where China was involved in both investment and operations,compared to ports where China's role was limited to construction.(3)Chinese port construction companies held global power by helping developing countries or regions lacking transportation capacity quickly establish international transportation capabilities.(4)Terminal operators and shipping companies invested in ports with strong underlying conditions,located on key shipping routes with minimal economic risks,to ensure effective investment outcomes.(5)Some small and medium-sized ports gained rapid production vitality through investment,yet lacked maritime vitality,as insufficient urban market growth hinders the increase in maritime vitality.The port vitality evaluation method proposed in this study provides insights for adjusting China's future port investment strategies and optimizing location choices for enterprise investments.It also enriches the theoretical framework of the BRI development and provides practical evidence of China's commitment to fostering shared prosperity with the Global South through port infrastructure development.
作者
张圣
王列辉
唐昭沛
苏晗
ZHANG Sheng;WANG Liehui;TANG Zhaopei;SU Han(The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Research Center for China Administrative Division,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Institute for Global Innovation and Development,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)
出处
《地理学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期2200-2218,共19页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD070)
国家自然科学基金项目(42371178)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2022QKT002,2022ECNU-XWK-XK001)。
关键词
“一带一路”
港口发展活力
投资成效
航运大数据
纵横向一体化
the Belt and Road
port development vitality
investment effectiveness
shipping big data
vertical and horizontal integration
